Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gross Anatomy 1 > Nervous System Structure > Flashcards

Nervous System Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Composed of PNS and CNS
- Supply sensory and motor to entire body except viscera, smooth mm, and glands

SENSORY - carries conscious sensations of pain, pressure, temperature and pressure
- Sensations reach conscious level

-Innervates only skeletal m.
o Exceptions: viscera, smooth m. and glands
o Voluntary and reflexive movements via muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (2 divisions)

A

1) Sympathetic

2) Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A
  • Consists of brain and spinal cord
  • Integrates and coordinates
  • Carries out higher mental functions e.g. thinking and learning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

o Everything that isn’t CNS
o Conducts impulses to or away from CNS
o Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
o Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nerve Fiber

A

Consists of an axon, its neurolemma and surrounding connective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ganglion

A

A collection of neuron cell bodies outside CNS

There are both motor (autonomic) and sensory ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Afferent (sensory) fibers

A

Convey neural impulses to CNS from sense organs

Convey neural impulses from sensory receptors in various parts of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Efferent (motor) fibers

A

Convey Neural impulses from CNS to effector organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

Exit cranial cavity via foramina in cranium

AKA Spinal accessory nerve or CN XI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spinal (segmental) Nerves

A

Spinal no. Arise in bilateral pairs from a specific segment of spinal cord
Exit vertebral column via intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ventral (anterior) nerve root

A

Consists of motor fibers from cell bodies in anterior horn of spinal cord to effector organs located peripherally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dorsal (posterior) nerve root

A

Consist of sensory fibers from cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
DRG extend peripherally to sensory endings and centrally to dorsal hot of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dorsal Primary Ramus

A

Motor sensory fibers
Gives off medial and lateral cutaneous branches
Supply synovial joints of vertebral column, deep mm. Of back and overlying skin in a segmental pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ventral primary ramus (VPR)

A

Motor and sensory fibers

Supplies anterior and lateral regions of trunk, upper and lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dermatome

A

unilateral area of skin innercate do by sensory fibers of a single spinal n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Paravertebral ganglia

A

Linked to form sympathetic trunks (Chains) on each side of vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Functions of Divisions of ANS

A

Catabolic (energy-expanding) system

Heart- increase heart rate and force of contraction
Bronchi-dilate
Pupils-dilate
Digestive tract-inhibits peristalsis/decrease blood flow
Skin vessels-constrict
Skeletal m. Vessels-dilate
Sweat glands-increase perspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Functions of Parasypathetic

A

Anabolic (energy-conserving) system

Heart-decrease rate and force of contraction
Bronchi-constrict
Pupils-constrict
Digestive tract-increased peristalsis/blood flow

19
Q

Nerve Fiber consists of:

A
  • Axon
  • Neurolemma
  • Surrounding connective tissue
20
Q

2 forms of Neurolemma

A

Myelinated

Unmyelinated

21
Q

Never consists of:

A
  • Bundle of nerve fibers outside CNS
  • Connective tissue coverings that bind nerve fibers and fascicles together
  • Blood vessels that nourish nerve fibers and coverings
22
Q

Ganglion

A
  • A collection of neuron cell bodies outside CNS

- Motor (autonomic) and sensory ganglia

23
Q

2 Types of Nerves

A
  • AFFERENT (sensory) fibers
  • –> Convey neural impulse TO CNS from sense organs (ex. Eyes)
  • –> Convey neural impulse from sensory receptors in various parts of body (skin)

EFFERENT (motor) fibers

  • –> Convey neural impulse FROM CNS to effector organs (ex. Muscles and glands)
  • –> Are either cranial nerves, spinal, or derivatives of them
24
Q

Cranial Nerves Carry 4 types of Fibers:

A
  • Somatic afferent fibers
  • Somatic efferent fibers
  • Visceral afferent fibers
  • Visceral efferent fibers
25
Q

Spinal Nerves are also known as:

A

Segmental Nerves

26
Q

How do Spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?

A

Via the intervertebral foramina

27
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

28
Q

List 5 regions of spinal nerves and how many pairs there are in each region?

A 
Cervical (C) - 8
Thoracic (T) - 12
Lumbar (L) - 5
Sacral (S) - 5
Coccygeal (Cox) - 1
29
Q

How do the spinal (segmental) nerves arise from the spinal cord?

A

As rootless

30
Q

Rootlets converge to form what?

A

2 nerve roots

1) Ventral (Anterior) nerve root
2) Dorsal (posterior) nerve root

31
Q

Mixed spinal nerve divers into 2 rami called what?

A

1) Dorsal primary ramus

2) Ventral primary ramus

32
Q

Do dorsal primary rami form major plexuses?

A

No

33
Q

Do ventral primary rami for nerve plexuses?

A

Yes - majority of VPR merge with one another to form somatic nerve plexuses

34
Q

4 Somatic nerve plexuses

A

Cervical (C1-4)

Brachial (C5-T1; sometimes C4-T2)

Lumbar (L1-4; sometimes T12)

Sacral plexus (L4-S4

**T2-12 do not usual join a plexus and remain segmental

35
Q

Dermatomes are a

A

Unilateral area of skin inner ate do by sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve

36
Q

Cutaneous nerves carry:

A

Sensory info from skin; motor innervation to glands and smooth m

37
Q

General sensory (somatic afferent) fibers transmit:

A

Sensations from body to CNS
Ex. Sensations from skin (pain, pressure, temperature)

Ex. Sensations from mm, tendons, joints

38
Q

General motor (somatic efferent) fibers transmit:

A

Impulses to skeletal mm (voluntary)

39
Q

Visceral sensory (afferent) fibers transmit:

A

Sensations from hollow organs or blood vessels to CNS

  • Pain or subconscious visceral reflex sensations (dissension, blood gas and blood pressure)
40
Q

Visceral motor fibers (visceral efferent) transmit

A

Impulses to smooth (involuntary) m and glandular tissue

  • has pre- and postsynaptic fibers
41
Q

ANS motor fibers are accompanied by what?

A
  • Visceral afferent fibers (not part of ANS, but hitch a ride
42
Q

ANS consists of what type of motor fibers?

A

Visceral efferent (from CNS TO destination)

43
Q

Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar) division of Autonomic Nervous System cell bodies are located between which vertebral levels?

A

T1-L2 or L3

Gross Anatomy 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions