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Gross Anatomy 1 > Back Muscles > Flashcards

Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius

A

Decided into parts: Superior fibers, Middle fibers, Inferior fibers

ORIGIN: Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal l., SPs of C7-T12
INSERTION: Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
ACTION:Superior - elevation of scapula
Middle - retraction of scapula
Inferior - depression of scapula
Superior and inferior fibers together - upward rotation of scapula
INNERVATION: Motor - CN XI (Spinal accessory n.) Sensory - C3, C4
BLOOD SUPPLY: Transverse cervical a.

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2
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Covers wide area of back, passes from posterior trunk medially to anterior humerus

ORIGIN: SPs of T6-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs
INSERTION: Floor of intertubercular (IT) groove (sulcus) of humerus
ACTION: Extension, ADD, MR of humerus, downward rotation of scapula; raises body towards arms when climbing
N: Thoracodorsal N.
B: Thoracodorsal a.

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3
Q

Levator Sacpulae

A

Lies deep to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius mm.
Fibers pass inferiorly from origin to insertion
O: Posterior tubercles of TPs C1-4
I: Medial border of scapula, superior to root of scapular spine
A: Elevation and downward rotation of scapula; bilaterally, extension of neck
N: Dorsal scapular n.
B: Dorsal scapula a.

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4
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

Lies deep to trapezius, inferior to rhomboid minor m.
O:SPs T2-5
I: Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
A: Retraction and downward rotation of scapula; fix scapula to thoracic wall
N: Dorsal scapular n.
B: Doral scapular a.

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5
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

Lies deep to trapezius, superior to rhomboid major m.
O: Nuchal l. And SPs of C7 and T1
I: Smooth triangular area at base of scapular spine
A: Retraction and downward rotation of scapula; fix scapula to thoracic wall
N: Dorsal scapular n.
B: Dorsal scapular a.

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6
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

O: Nuchal L., SPs (spinous process) C7-T3

I: Superior borders of 2nd to 4th ribs

A: Proprioception (elevation of ribs); considered accessory m. Of respiration.

N: 2nd-5th intercostal nn.

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7
Q

Serrated Posterior Inferior

A

O: SPs T11-L2

I: inferior borders of 8th-12th ribs near their angles.

A: Proprioception (depress ribs); considered accessory m. Of respiration.

N: Ventralrami of T9-T12 thoracic spinal nn.

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8
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A

O: SPs of T3-T6

I: Tubercles of TPs C1-C3

A: Ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion; bilaterally extension of the neck.

N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

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9
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

O: Nuchal L. And SPs of C7-T3

I: Mastoid Process and lateral 1/3 of superior Nuchal line

A: Ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion; bilaterally extension of neck.

N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

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10
Q

Iliocostalis

A

Forms the later column

O: Posterior part of iliac crest, post surface of sacrum, sacroiliac ligament, sacral & inferior lumbar SPs & supraspinous ligament

I:
Lumborum- angles of lower ribs
Thoracis- Angles of upper ribs
Cervicis- cervical TPs

A: Bilateral- extension of vertebral column, unilateral- flexion of vertebral column.

N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

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11
Q

Longissimus

A

Forms Intermediate Column

O: Posterior part of the iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac ll., sacral and inferior lumbar SPs and supra spinous I.

I:
Thoracis- ribs between tubercles and angles of TPs in thoracic region.

Cervicis- Cervical TPs

Capitals- Mastoid process

A: Bilateral- extension of vertebral column and head; unilateral- lateral flexion of vertebral column.

N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

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12
Q

Spinalis

A

Forms medial column

O: Posterior part of the iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac ll., sacral and inferior lumbar SPs and supra spinous l.

I:
Thoracis- SPs in thoracic region

Cervicis- SPs in cervical region (often absent)

Capitis- cranium (sometimes fuses with semispinalis capitis to form biventer capitis.)

A: Bilateral- extension of vertebral column and head; unilateral- lateral flexion of vertebral column.

N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

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13
Q

Semispinalis

A

Superficial layer of the group.

Divided into 3 parts based on superior attachments.

O: TPs of C4-T12 vertebrae

I:
Thoracic- SPs 4-6 vertebral segments superior.

Cervicis- SPs 4-6 vertebral segments superior.

Capitis- Occipital bone

A: Bilateral extension of all regions; contra lateral rotation of all regions.

N: Dorsal Rami of spinal nn.

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14
Q

Multifidus

A

Middle layer.
Best developed in the lumbar region

O: Posterior sacrum, PSIS, sacroiliac ligament, aponeurosis of erector spinae m, mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, TPs of T1-12 & articulate processes of C4-7

I: SPs 2-4 segments superior

A: Stabilize vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

N: Dorsal rami of spinal nerve

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15
Q

Interspinalis

A

Connect SPs

O: Superior surfaces of SPs of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

I: inferior surfaces of SPs of vertebrae superior

A: Aid in extension and rotation of vertebral column.

N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

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16
Q

Intertransversarii

A

Connect TPs

O: TPs of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

I: TPs of adjacent vertebrae

A: Aid in lateral flexion of vertebral column; Bilaterally- stabilize vertebral column.

N: Dorsal and ventral rami (cervical region only) of spinal nn.

17
Q

Levatores Costarum

A

O: Brevis and Longus - TPs of C7-T11

I: Rib between tubercle and angle

A: Elevates ribs in inspiration, assist with lateral flexion of vertebral column.

N: Dorsal Rami of C8-T11

18
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A

Located lateral to rectus capitis posterior minor m.
O: SP of C2
I: Lateral part inferior Nuchal line
A: Extension of head; rotation to same side
N: suboccipital n.
B: Vertebral and occipital aa.

19
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

A

Located medial to rectus capitis posterior major
O: Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C1
I: Medial part of inferior nuchal line
A: Extension of head; rotation to same side
N: Suboccipital n.
B: Vertebral and occipital aa.

20
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

A

Only “capitis” muscle to have no attachment to cranium
Greater occipital n. Emerges inferior to this muscle
O: SP of C2
I: TPs of C1
A: Rotation of atlas and face to same side
N: Suboccipital n.
B: Vertebral and occipital aa.

21
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior

A

O: TPs of C1
I: Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
A: Extension of head and lateral flexion of head and neck
N: Suboccipital n.
B: Vertebral and occipital aa.

22
Q

Rotatores

A
  • Deepest of 3 layers
  • Best developed in thoracic region

O: TPs of vertebrae

I: Longus- SP 2 segments superior; brevis SP 1 segment superior.

A: Stabilize vertebrae and assist with extension and rotator you movements; Proprioception.

N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn. M

Gross Anatomy 1 (9 decks)

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