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Gross Anatomy 1 > Back Notes > Flashcards

Back Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral body

A

Massive anterior part of bone

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2
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Posterior to vertebral bod and consists of two pedicles and laminae

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3
Q

Pedicles

A

Short processes projecting posteriorly from vertebral body

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4
Q

Laminae (Singular lamina)

A

Broad flat plates that connect to pedicles

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5
Q

Vertebral foramen (pleural foramina)

A

Formed by vertebral arch and posterior part of vertebral body

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6
Q

Vertebral canal

A

Formed by successive vertebral foramina

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7
Q

Vertebral notches

A

Indentations superior and inferior to each pedicle

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8
Q

Intervertebral foramina (singular foramen)

A

Formed by superior and inferior vertebral notches of adjacent vertebrae and their IV discs

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9
Q

Spinous Process (SP)

A

Posterior projection from vertebral arch at junction of laminae

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10
Q

Transverse process (TP)

A

Bilateral posterolateral projections from junctions of pedicles and laminae

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11
Q

Articular processes (superior and inferior)

A

Bilateral projections also arising from junctions of pedicles and lamina

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12
Q

Supraspinous Ligaments

A

Connects tips of SPs from C7 to sacrum

Merges Superiorly with Nuchal Ligament

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13
Q

Extrinsic

A

Divided into superficial and intermediate layers

Produce and control limb and respiratory movements respectively

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14
Q

Intrinsic

A
  • Deep back muscles
  • Divided into superficial, intermediate, deep and minor deep layers
  • Specifically act on vertebral column
  • Produces its movements and maintain posture
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15
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia

A
  • fascia of thoracic and lumbar region
  • forms a thin covering for intrinsic back mm. In thoracic regions
  • forms a thick covering for mm. In lumbar region
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16
Q

Trapezius

A

Divided into 3 parts
Superior
Middle
Inferior

O- Origin: Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal l., SPs of C7-T12

Insertion: Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Action:
Superior – elevation of scapula

Middle – retraction of scapula Inferior – depression of scapula

Superior and inferior fibers together – upward rotation of scapula

iNnervation: Motor - CN XI (spinal accessory n.); Sensory – C3, C4

Blood Supply: Transverse cervical a.

17
Q

Excessive Lordosis & Causes

A
  • “Sway Back”
  • more common in lumbar region (increased extension)

Causes

  • Weakened trunk muscles
  • Obesity
  • Muscles imbalances (lower cross syndrome)
18
Q

Excessive Kyphosis & Causes

A
  • “Hunchback”
  • Most common in thoracic region
  • Increased posterior curve

Causes

  • Erosion (from osteoporosis- increases ant/post diameter of thorax)
  • Posture
  • Muscles imbalances (upper cross syndrome)
19
Q

Scoliosis

A
  • Abnormal lateral curvature & rotation of spine
  • SP’s rotate toward curvature
  • Ribs protrude on side of increased convexity
20
Q

Types of scoliosis

A

1) Structural (idiopathic 80%)
2) Myopathic (asymmetrical muscle weakness- ex: Polio)
3) Functional (different limb length)
4) Habit (poor posture)

21
Q

Triangle of Auscultation Borders

A

Lateral Border: Medial border of scap
Inferior Border: Latissimus dorsi
Medial Border: Trapezius
Floor: erector spinae & often rhomboid major

Good place to hear lungs; get patient to cross arms & lean forward which makes 6th & 7th ribs & 6th intercostal space subcutaneous

22
Q

Lumbar Triangle & Borders

A

Lateral border: External Oblique
Medial border: Latissimus dorsi
Inferior border: iliac crest
Floor: Internal Oblique

Herniations occasionally occur here

23
Q

Suboccipital Triangle & Borders

A

Superomedial Border: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Superolateral Border: Obliquus Capitis Superior
Inferolateral Border: Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Floor: Posterior Atlanto-occipital membrane & posterior arch of C1
Roof: Semispinalis Capitis

Contents

  • Vertebral Artery
  • Suboccipital Nerve
24
Q

Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerve

A
  • Supplies the skin, intrinsic back muscles & the Z-joints
  • From mixed spinal Nerve
  • 2 unique dorsal rami = C1 & C2
25
Q

What is unique about C1 when referring to dorsal rami?

A
  • Larger dorsal Ramus
  • Exits between occiput & C1 vertebrae
  • Called Suboccipital n.
26
Q

What is unique about C2 when referring to dorsal rami?

A
  • Larger Dorsal Ramus
  • Exits between C1 & C2 vertebrae
  • Medial division of this Dorsla Ramus is called GREATER OCCIPITAL NERVE
27
Q

Spinal Accessory Nerve

A

CN X1

  • Supplies traps
  • Travels with transverse cervical artery
28
Q

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

A
  • Branch of ventral Ramus of C5
  • Supplies lavatory scapulae & rhomboids
  • Travels with dorsal scapular artery

Gross Anatomy 1 (9 decks)

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