Nervous System, Senses and Skeleton

Question 1

Central nervous system

Answer 1

Consists of the brain and spinal chord

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

Consists of a vast network of nerves that carry messages between the CNS and the rest of the body

Question 3

Neuron

Answer 3

A nerve cell

Question 4

Sensory neuron

Answer 4

Brings messages from a sense organ to the CNS

Question 5

Motor neuron

Answer 5

Takes a message from the CNS to a muscle of gland

Question 6

Receptor

Answer 6

A cell or group of cells which detect a stimulus

Question 7

Nerve endings

Answer 7

Connect sensory neutrons to receptor cells or sense organs

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

Fibres that carry impulses towards the cell body

Question 9

Axons

Answer 9

Fibres that carry impulses away from the cell body

Question 10

Schwann cells

Answer 10

Produce myelin sheath

Question 11

Myelin sheath

Answer 11

A fat rich layer that insulated impulses

Question 12

Cell body

Answer 12

Contains a nucleus and cell organelles

Question 13

Axon terminals

Answer 13

Branches formed from the splitting of an axon which carry an impulse to a swelling called a neurotransmitter swelling

Question 14

Neurotransmitter swellings

Answer 14

Release chemicals that carry the impulse from one nerve cell to another. Chemicals are called neurotransmitters

Question 15

Inter neuron

Answer 15

Carries information between sensory and motor neurons

Question 16

Threshold

Answer 16

The minimum stimulus necessary to cause an impulse to be carried in a neuron

Question 17

Refractory period

Answer 17

A short time span after a neuron has carried an impulse during which a stimulus fails to cause a response

Question 18

Synapse

Answer 18

A region where two neuronscome into close contact

Question 19

Synaptic cleft

Answer 19

The tiny gap between the two neurons at a synapse

Question 20

Reflex action

Answer 20

An automatic involuntary unthinking response to a stimulus

Question 21

Reflex arc

Answer 21

The pathway taken by a nerve in a reflex action

Question 22

Axial skeleton

Answer 22

Consists of the ribs, skull, spine and sternum

Question 23

Pelvic girdle

Answer 23

Composed of two halves of the hip joined to the sacrum

Question 24

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 24

Composed of the pectoral girdle the pelvic girdle and the limbs

Question 25

Osteoblast

Answer 25

A bone forming cell

Question 26

Osteoclasts

Answer 26

Bone digesting cells

Question 27

Joint

Answer 27

Where two or more bones meet

Question 28

Synovial fluid

Answer 28

Produced in movable joints to lubricate and reduce friction

Question 29

Ligament

Answer 29

Connects bone to bone

Question 30

Tendons

Answer 30

Connect muscle to bone

Question 31

Antagonistic pair

Answer 31

Two muscles which have opposite effects to each other