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Biology:) > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Species

A

A group of similar organisms that are capable of naturally interbreeding with each other to produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

Variation

A

Within a species in a group of successfully interbreeding organisms the individual members show different characteristics

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3
Q

Heredity

A

The passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes

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4
Q

Gene

A

A section of DNA that codes for a particular protein

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5
Q

DNA profiling

A

The examination of a sample of DNA for a pattern on a band to compare

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6
Q

Genetic screening

A

Testing DNA for the presence of absence of a particular gene or an altered gene

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7
Q

Translation

A

The conversion of a sequence of genetic bases on messenger RNA into a sequence of amino acids

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8
Q

Transcription

A

The copying of a sequence of genetic bases from DNA onto messenger RNA

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9
Q

Purines

A

Double ring molecules( adenine and guanine)

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10
Q

Pyramidines

A

Single ring molecules( thymine and cytosine)

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11
Q

Non coding DNA

A

DNA that doesn’t carry information to produce a protein

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12
Q

Genetic engineering

A

The manipulation and alteration of genes or genotypes to give valuable traits to the organism

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13
Q

Gamete

A

A haploid cell capable of fusion

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14
Q

Fertilisation

A

The fusion of two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote

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15
Q

Alleles

A

Alternative forms of the same gene

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16
Q

Dominant

A

The gene that is expressed in the phenotype of the heterozygous condition

17
Q

Recessive

A

The gene that is masked in the phenotype by the dominant allele

18
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an organism

19
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical appearance of an organism

20
Q

Homozygous

A

When two identical alleles control the same trait

21
Q

Heterozygous

A

When two different alleles of a gene control the same trait

22
Q

Progeny

A

The offspring that are produced

23
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

When neither allele is dominant or recessive in any respect to the other. Both alleles are equally expressed in the heterozygous genotype to produce an intermediate phenotype

24
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

A pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the individual

25
Q

Linkage

A

When genes are present on the same chromosome

26
Q

Sex linkage

A

When genes are carried on the sex chromosomes

27
Q

Autosomes

A

The 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex linked

28
Q

Mendels law of segregation

A

Traits are controlled by a pair of alleles. Only one of any paid can enter a gamete

29
Q

Mendels law of independent assortment

A

When gametes are formed either of a pair of alleles is equally likely to entera gamete with either of another pair

30
Q

Genetic engineering

A

The passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes

31
Q

Mono hybrid cross

A

Involves the study of a single characteristic

32
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

Involves the study of two characteristics

33
Q

Isolation

A

The removal of the gene containing the target gene from the human cell and the plasmid DNA from the bacterium

34
Q

Ligation

A

The joining of two sections of DNA to form a single strand

35
Q

Transformation

A

The uptake of DNA into a cell

36
Q

Cloning

A

The production of identical copies of the bacterium containing the target gene

37
Q

Expression

A

The formation of the desired product by the organism with the recombinant DNA

Biology:) (14 decks)

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