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Z Anatomy Exam 2 > Nervous System General Concepts > Flashcards

Nervous System General Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous system

A

-encephalon
-spinal cord (medulla spinalis)

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

-cranial nerves (12)
-spinal nerves (36)
- nerves and trunk of autonomic nerve system (ANS)

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3
Q

Nervous system functional divisions

A

Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary
squeletic muscles

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary or visceral

Smooth muscle
Heart
Glands

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6
Q

Central nervous system neuron

A

Somas = grey matter, nucleus cortex

Axons = white matter, tract funículo, fasciculus lemniscus peduncle
- fibers - association projection and
commissural

Somas and axons = reticular formation

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7
Q

Peripheral nervous system neurons

A

Somas = ganglion (group of somas) may or may not be synapsed

Axons= nerve root trunk branch

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8
Q

Ectoderm

A

Neural tissue and epidermis

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9
Q

Mesoderm

A

Develops into somites that turns into skeletal and muscle tissues and blood vessels and connective tissue

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10
Q

Endoderm

A

Digestive system

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11
Q

Neural plate

A

Formed in the ectoderm dorsal to the notochord of the mesoderm

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12
Q

Notochord

A

Stimulates neural plate formation

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13
Q

Neural groove

A

Formed from the neural plate

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14
Q

Neural crests

A

Formed from neural groove

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15
Q

What forms the peripheral nervous system

A

Neural crests

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16
Q

What forms the central nervous system

A

Neural tube which is formed from the neural groove which includes the neural canal in the middle

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17
Q

Neural tube

A

Contains cerebral spinal fluid

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18
Q

Gray matter vs axon

A

Gray matter stays central by canal where axons stay peripheral

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19
Q

Neural tube forms

A

The vesicles of the brain

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20
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

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21
Q

Rombencephalon

A

Hindbrain

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22
Q

Prosencephalon

A

Forebrain

23
Q

Spinal cord in domestic dog

A

8 pairs = cervical spinal nerves
13 pairs = thoracic spinal nerves
7 pairs = lumbar spinal nerves
3 pairs = sacral spinal nerves
5 pairs = caudal spinal nerves

24
Q

Pyramidal decussation

A

Cranial end between spinal cord and brain stem

Cranial limit

25
Q

Medullary cone

A

Caudal limit

No spinal cord in tail but there is nerves

Stops at L6-L7

26
Q

Medullary cone stops at (cats and dogs)

A

Dogs = L6 and L7
Cats = S2 and S3

27
Q

Intumescentae

A

Segment that gives origin to the nerves supplying the thoracic and pelvic limbs

28
Q

Cervical intumescence

A

C6-T2
Thoracic limbs innervation

Main place where connection of nerves to and from thoracic limb

29
Q

Lumbar intumescence

A

L4-S3

Pelvic limbs and pelvic viscera innervation

Main hub for nerves to and from pelvic

30
Q

White substance axons

A

-dorsal finiculus

  • lateral funiculus

-ventral funiculus

31
Q

Funicululi (found in CNS)

A

Composed of ascending and descending axon fiber

Many are grouped with bundles of common origin designation and function (basically the white substance or axons)

32
Q

Gray substance of neural somas

A

Dorsal horn

Lateral horn = (thoracic and lumbar segments) motor neurons

Ventral horn = autonomic nervous system

33
Q

Functional regions on spinal cord

A

-cervical = C1-5 (neck)
-cervical intumescence C6-T2 (thoracic limb)
- thoracolumbar T3-L3 (trunk)
- lumbosacral intumescence L4-S3 (pelvic limbs and pelvic viscera)
-Caudal segments Cd1-5 (tail)

34
Q

Spinal nerves top portion of gray matter vs bottom

A

Top portion of gray matter = sensory or afferent (from body to CNS)
-DORSAL HORN

Bottom portion of gray matter = efferent toward a muscle or gland
-VENTRAL HORN

35
Q

What goes to dorsal horn

A

Dorsal root

Spinal ganglion

36
Q

What goes to ventral horn

A

Ventral root

37
Q

Pseudounipolar neurons (afferent or efferent)

A

Afferent

38
Q

Communicating branch

A

Communicate with sympathetic trunk
Small but important

39
Q

GSE

A

General = similar pathways for skeletal muscles in the body

somatic = body as general

efferent =motor impulse to a muscle that will stimulate the contraction of the muscle cells

Controls striated and skeletal muscles

40
Q

General somatic efferent how many neurons

A

One neuron

41
Q

Root vs branch

A

Root goes directly to horn

Branch is a segment from the root (branches of root)

42
Q

Upper motor neurons

A

Confined to the central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord

PART OF GSE

43
Q

Lower motor neuron

A

Cell body in the CNS but the axon is in the periphery

PART OF GSE

44
Q

GSA

A

General = similar pathways

Somatic= body

Afferent = transmits sensory impulse toward the CNS

45
Q

Two sensory impulses to afferent

A

Tactile and nociception =receptors in skin cornea muscles hair/feather follicle connective tissue
- pain receptor
Proprioception = receptors in tendons ligament muscles and joints
- sense of self movement force and body position

46
Q

Pathway to dorsal horn

A

From dorsal branch to spinal ganglion to sensory neuron in dorsal root to dorsal horn

47
Q

Pathway to ventral horn

A

Ventral branch to motor neuron of spinal nerve to motor neuron of ventral root to ventral horn

48
Q

Reflexes

A

3 parts

Sensory input = peripheral receptor -afferent neuron

Central connection = brain or spinal cord interneuron

Output = lower peripheral motor neuron connects muscle via neuromuscular junction

49
Q

Myotatic reflex arc.

A

Gravity stretches the extensor muscle stimulating its contraction via reflex arc.

Flexor muscle is inhibited by collateral fiber and an inhibiting interneuron

50
Q

Damages to LMN

A

Results in reduced or loss of reflexes

51
Q

Damages to UMN (upper motor neurons)

A

Reflexes will still be present may even be increased due to loss of inhibitory UMN influence

52
Q

Upper Motor Neuron

A

Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

Central motor neuron

53
Q

Lower motor neuron

A

Has cell body in central nervous system but axon in pheriphery

Periphery motor neuron

Z Anatomy Exam 2 (14 decks)

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