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Z Anatomy Exam 2 > Nervous System General Concepts > Flashcards

Nervous System General Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous system

A

-encephalon
-spinal cord (medulla spinalis)

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

-cranial nerves (12)
-spinal nerves (36)
- nerves and trunk of autonomic nerve system (ANS)

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3
Q

Nervous system functional divisions

A

Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary
squeletic muscles

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary or visceral

Smooth muscle
Heart
Glands

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6
Q

Central nervous system neuron

A

Somas = grey matter, nucleus cortex

Axons = white matter, tract funículo, fasciculus lemniscus peduncle
- fibers - association projection and
commissural

Somas and axons = reticular formation

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7
Q

Peripheral nervous system neurons

A

Somas = ganglion (group of somas) may or may not be synapsed

Axons= nerve root trunk branch

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8
Q

Ectoderm

A

Neural tissue and epidermis

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9
Q

Mesoderm

A

Develops into somites that turns into skeletal and muscle tissues and blood vessels and connective tissue

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10
Q

Endoderm

A

Digestive system

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11
Q

Neural plate

A

Formed in the ectoderm dorsal to the notochord of the mesoderm

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12
Q

Notochord

A

Stimulates neural plate formation

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13
Q

Neural groove

A

Formed from the neural plate

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14
Q

Neural crests

A

Formed from neural groove

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15
Q

What forms the peripheral nervous system

A

Neural crests

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16
Q

What forms the central nervous system

A

Neural tube which is formed from the neural groove which includes the neural canal in the middle

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17
Q

Neural tube

A

Contains cerebral spinal fluid

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18
Q

Gray matter vs axon

A

Gray matter stays central by canal where axons stay peripheral

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19
Q

Neural tube forms

A

The vesicles of the brain

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20
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

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21
Q

Rombencephalon

A

Hindbrain

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22
Q

Prosencephalon

23
Q

Spinal cord in domestic dog

A

8 pairs = cervical spinal nerves
13 pairs = thoracic spinal nerves
7 pairs = lumbar spinal nerves
3 pairs = sacral spinal nerves
5 pairs = caudal spinal nerves

24
Q

Pyramidal decussation

A

Cranial end between spinal cord and brain stem

Cranial limit

25
Medullary cone
Caudal limit No spinal cord in tail but there is nerves Stops at L6-L7
26
Medullary cone stops at (cats and dogs)
Dogs = L6 and L7 Cats = S2 and S3
27
Intumescentae
Segment that gives origin to the nerves supplying the thoracic and pelvic limbs
28
Cervical intumescence
C6-T2 Thoracic limbs innervation Main place where connection of nerves to and from thoracic limb
29
Lumbar intumescence
L4-S3 Pelvic limbs and pelvic viscera innervation Main hub for nerves to and from pelvic
30
White substance axons
-dorsal finiculus - lateral funiculus -ventral funiculus
31
Funicululi (found in CNS)
Composed of ascending and descending axon fiber Many are grouped with bundles of common origin designation and function (basically the white substance or axons)
32
Gray substance of neural somas
Dorsal horn Lateral horn = (thoracic and lumbar segments) motor neurons Ventral horn = autonomic nervous system
33
Functional regions on spinal cord
-cervical = C1-5 (neck) -cervical intumescence C6-T2 (thoracic limb) - thoracolumbar T3-L3 (trunk) - lumbosacral intumescence L4-S3 (pelvic limbs and pelvic viscera) -Caudal segments Cd1-5 (tail)
34
Spinal nerves top portion of gray matter vs bottom
Top portion of gray matter = sensory or afferent (from body to CNS) -DORSAL HORN Bottom portion of gray matter = efferent toward a muscle or gland -VENTRAL HORN
35
What goes to dorsal horn
Dorsal root Spinal ganglion
36
What goes to ventral horn
Ventral root
37
Pseudounipolar neurons (afferent or efferent)
Afferent
38
Communicating branch
Communicate with sympathetic trunk Small but important
39
GSE
General = similar pathways for skeletal muscles in the body somatic = body as general efferent =motor impulse to a muscle that will stimulate the contraction of the muscle cells Controls striated and skeletal muscles
40
General somatic efferent how many neurons
One neuron
41
Root vs branch
Root goes directly to horn Branch is a segment from the root (branches of root)
42
Upper motor neurons
Confined to the central nervous system Brain and spinal cord PART OF GSE
43
Lower motor neuron
Cell body in the CNS but the axon is in the periphery PART OF GSE
44
GSA
General = similar pathways Somatic= body Afferent = transmits sensory impulse toward the CNS
45
Two sensory impulses to afferent
Tactile and nociception =receptors in skin cornea muscles hair/feather follicle connective tissue - pain receptor Proprioception = receptors in tendons ligament muscles and joints - sense of self movement force and body position
46
Pathway to dorsal horn
From dorsal branch to spinal ganglion to sensory neuron in dorsal root to dorsal horn
47
Pathway to ventral horn
Ventral branch to motor neuron of spinal nerve to motor neuron of ventral root to ventral horn
48
Reflexes
3 parts Sensory input = peripheral receptor -afferent neuron Central connection = brain or spinal cord interneuron Output = lower peripheral motor neuron connects muscle via neuromuscular junction
49
Myotatic reflex arc.
Gravity stretches the extensor muscle stimulating its contraction via reflex arc. Flexor muscle is inhibited by collateral fiber and an inhibiting interneuron
50
Damages to LMN
Results in reduced or loss of reflexes
51
Damages to UMN (upper motor neurons)
Reflexes will still be present may even be increased due to loss of inhibitory UMN influence
52
Upper Motor Neuron
Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) Central motor neuron
53
Lower motor neuron
Has cell body in central nervous system but axon in pheriphery Periphery motor neuron

Z Anatomy Exam 2 (14 decks)

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