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Z Anatomy Exam 2 > Cardioivascular 1 > Flashcards

Cardioivascular 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Main goal of the external and internal intercostal muscles

A
  • Fill the gab between the ribs and vertebrae
    -inspiration and expiration
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2
Q

Purpose of hiatus (ex: aortic hiatus)

A

Organs go through here (think middle portion)

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3
Q

Most important muscle for inspiration

A

Diaphragm

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4
Q

Muscles that are used for inspiration

A

Serrated dorsalis cranialis muscle
Diaphragm muscle
External intercostal muscle
Recuts thoracic muscle
Scalenus muscle

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5
Q

Muscles used for expiration

A

Serrated dorsalis caudalis muscle
Abdominal muscles
Internal intercostal muscle

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6
Q

What is a serosa?

A

Serous membrane that produce a serous fluid that protects and prevent friction and adherences among organs (viscera) or organs with cavity wall

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7
Q

What is the visceral pleura? What is the name of the one correlated to the lungs?

A

-Visceral pleura covers the direct organ
-Deep to the pleural cavity with pleural fluid
- lungs covered directly by pulmonary pleura (visceral pleura)

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8
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

-Area between the lungs
- central area of the thorax
- heart is held in the mediastinum

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9
Q

What are the three mediastinal pleura and where are they in relationship the the heart and lungs?

A

-Parietal mediastinal pleura cranial portion (covered cranial portion of mediastinum)
-Parietal mediastinal pleural middle portion (pericardial pleura) (covers the middle portion of the mediastinum)
-parietal mediastinal pleura caudal portion (covers the caudal mediastinum)

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10
Q

Where is the outermost pleura membrane superficial to the pleural cavity?

A

Costal pleura (lateral pleural membrane)
Diaphragmatic pleura (caudal pleural membrane)

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11
Q

Visceral pleura vs parietal pleura

A

Visceral pleura = inside pleura membrane
Parietal pleura = outside pleura membrane (mediastinal costal and diaphragmatic)

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12
Q

What is the endothoracic fascia?

A

Connective tissues that glues the parietal pleura with the ribs and intercostal muscles

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13
Q

What is the point of the pleural fluid?

A

Allows movement without friction

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14
Q

What is the point of the vacuum presssure?

A

Keep lung inflated

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15
Q

Pneumothorax

A

The puncture of a lung causing the loss of the negative vacuum pressure leading to a collapsed lung

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16
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium?

A

Sac that keeps shape and anchored sac to diaphragm

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17
Q

List the serious pericardium membranes from deep to superficial? (Very pretty people fit perfectly)

A

Deep
-visceral pericardium (epicardium)
- pericardial cavity
- parietal serous pericardium
- fibrous pericardium
- pericardial mediastinal pleura
Superficial

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18
Q

Anatomical (PARIETALs adVISe to not get CAVITYs vs clinical pericardium (med fibers are serous)

A

-Anatomical pericardium = (closed sac envelopes most of the heart more deep layers)
-parietal serious pericardium, visceral pericardium (epicardium), and pericardial cavity

  • Clinical pericardium = (pericardial sac layers are fused together more superficial layers)
    -pericardial mediastinal pleura, fibrous pericardium and parietal serous pericardium
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19
Q

What is the Phrenicopericardial ligament?

A

Ligament that connects fibrous pericardium to sterna, part of the diaphragm (only in carnivores) acts as anchor limits movement

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20
Q

What is considered part of the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart, blood vascular system, and lymphatic system

21
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Responsible for the immunological defense of the body

Drains intracellular space of the excess fluid

22
Q

Lymphatic circulation (open or closed)

A

Open system

23
Q

Systemic and pulmonary circulation (open or closed)

A

Closed circuit

24
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Filters, captures bad things (ex: virus) starts reaction

Lymph node =singular
Lymph center= multiple lymph nodes

25
Q

Layers of the heart

A
  • Epicardium (visceral pericardium) = serious membrane, mesothelium, and loose CT (prevents friction)
  • Myocardium = cardiac muscle, CT, nerves, blood, vessels
  • Endocardium = endothelium and CT
26
Q

Conformation of the heart (shape)

A

Cone shape

Top is the base
Bottom is the apex

27
Q

Angles of the heart for cat and dog

A

Dog = 40 degrees
Cat =25-30 degrees

28
Q

Name the grooves of the heart

A
  • coronary groove = between the atria and ventricles contains coronary vessels
  • Paraconal = interventricular groove on the left side
  • Subsinuosal groove = inter ventricular groove on right side
  • interventricular grooves =between right and left ventricles at the location of the interventricular septum
29
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

Vein that carries non oxygenated blood from the heart

30
Q

Diastole

A

Period during which the ventricles are filling and relaxing

31
Q

Azygos vein

A

Vein that drains ribs/vertebra

32
Q

Intervenous tubercle

A

Direct blood to the right spot

  • located between caudal and cranial vena cava within the right atrium
33
Q

Oval fossa

A

Should be closed after birth

-in fetus this is a foramen (which means it open)

34
Q

Where do the sides pump and how does it correlate to the different sides sizes

A
  • Right pumps to everyone so it is larger
    -left pumps to lungs so it is smaller
35
Q

Systole

A

Phase of the heartbeat where the heart muscles contract and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries

36
Q

Where can you hear the right atrioventricular valve

A

Right side

37
Q

Where can you hear the pulmonary valve

A

Left side

38
Q

Trabeculae Carneae

A

Muscular ridges on the ventricular walls

39
Q

Trabeculae septomarginalis

A

-muscular strand that courses across the lumen of the ventricle

  • Conducts purkinje fibers from the right branch of the atriooventricular bundle across the lumen of the ventricle
40
Q

What values are open/closed during diastole?

A

Open = left and right atrioventricular valve
Closed = pulmonary valve and the aortic valve

41
Q

What valves are open/closed during systole?

A

Open= aortic valve and the pulmonary valve
Closed = left atrioventricular valve and right atrioventricular valve

42
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

String shaped tendon

-fibromuscular cords that attach cusps to papillary muscles

43
Q

Papillary muscles

A
  • conical muscular projections in the ventricles (3 main muscles)
  • give rise to chordae tendineae
44
Q

What is the LUP sound?

A

Closing of the tricuspid and mitral valve (right and left atrioventricular valves)

45
Q

What is the DUB sound?

A

Closing of the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve

46
Q

What valves can you hear on the right side?

A

The right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

47
Q

What valves can you hear on left side?

A

-Pulmonary Valve
-Aortic valve
-left atrioventricular valve (mitral valve)

48
Q

Coronary vessels

A

Coronary arteries originate from the aorta and branch off into smaller arteries which supply oxygen rich blood to the entire heart muscle

49
Q

Branches of the Coronary vessel?

A

Septal branch = very important and deep

Circumflex branch

Subsinuosal interventricular branch = between ventricles

Paraconal interventricular branch

Intermedial branch

Left coronary artery

Right coronary artery = smaller than left goes to left ventricle

Great cardiac (coronary) vein

Coronary sinus

Middle cardiac (coronary) vein

Z Anatomy Exam 2 (14 decks)

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