Cardiorespiratory Lungs Pleural Throacic Vessels Flashcards
(25 cards)
Parts of the bronchial tree
-trachea
- principal bronchi (primary and mainstem)
-carina
-lobular bronchi (secondary bronchi)
Trachea
C shaped hyaline cartilages form the skeleton of the trachea
Lobes of the left lung
Cranial lobe (cranial and caudal portions) and caudal lobe
Lobes of the right lung
Cranial, middle, caudal, accessory
Cardiac notch
Location between 3rd and 5th intercostal spaces on right side of the heart
Gives direct access to heart laterally without passing through lungs
Pulmonary ligaments
Stabilize the caudal lobes of the lungs by connecting them to the mediastinum
Annular ligaments
Hyaline cartilage that forms the rings of the trachea
Carina
Where the trachea branches into primary bronchi
Canine esophagus
Entirely skeletal muscle
Feline esophagus
Transitions from skeletal (top 2/3) to smooth muscle (bottom 1/3)
Parts of the aorta
Aorta = artery
Aortic arch = includes the brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery
Ascending aorta = coronary arteries
Descending aorta = includes bronchoesophageal artery and dorsal intercostal arteries
-larger portion
Ascending aorta
-Gives rise to right and left coronary arteries
-coronary arteries supply oxygen rich blood to the heart
Branches from aortic arch
Left subclavian artery = goes to left thoracic limb
Brachiocephalic trunk = branches off more
Branches of the brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery = goes to right thoracic limb
Branches of left and right subclavian arteries
-Vertebral = very important
-costocervical trunk = supply first 3 intercostal spaces and epaxial muscles
- superficial cervical artery = supply superficial neck muscles
- axillary artery
- internal thoracic artery = supply intercostal spaces ventrically
Acronym
-very
-creepy
-snakes
- are
-interesting
Branches of descending aorta (cranial branches)
- dorsal intercostal arteries = supply intercostal spaces and muscles
- bronchesophageal artery = supply lungs
Where to intercostal arteries arise from?
Dorsal intercostal arteries
- 1-3 arise from costocervical trunk
- 4-13 arise directly from aorta
Ventral intercostal arteries
-arise from internal thoracic arteries
Cranial to rib = arise from internal thoracic vessels
Dorsal and ventral intercostal arteries anastomose (linked by anastomosis aka cross connection)
Veins of thoracic cavity
-azygos vein
-cranial vena cava
-Caudal vena cava
-Costocervical vein
-brachiocephalic vein
-internal thoracic vein
Azygos vein
Only right Azygos vein develops usually in dogs and cats
Collects blood from dorsal intercostal veins
Drains into cranial vena cava or right atrium
Dorsal intercostal veins
Drains into Azygos vein
Ventral intercostal veins
Drains into internal thoracic vein
Dorsal and ventral intercostal veins anastomose (cross connected)
Thoracic duct
Carries lymph from Cisterna chyli
-drains into jugular vein, cranial vena cava or left brachiocephalic vein
Runs with aorta and Azygos vein
Location of thoracic duct dog and cat
Dog = passes through obliquely from right to left crossing the esophagus at level of the heart
Cat = to the left of the aorta in the caudal mediastinum
Follows esophagus to thoracic inlet
Mediastinum regions and what it contains
3 regions = cranial middle and caudal
Contains = heart trachea esophagus lymph nodes thymus vessels and nerves
Bounded by connective tissues and pleura
Not symmetrical deflected to the left due to larger right lung
Easily rupturable due to varying thickness
