Cardiorespiratory Lungs Pleural Throacic Vessels

Question 1

Parts of the bronchial tree

Answer 1

-trachea

• principal bronchi (primary and mainstem)

-carina

-lobular bronchi (secondary bronchi)

Question 2

Trachea

Answer 2

C shaped hyaline cartilages form the skeleton of the trachea

Question 3

Lobes of the left lung

Answer 3

Cranial lobe (cranial and caudal portions) and caudal lobe

Question 4

Lobes of the right lung

Answer 4

Cranial, middle, caudal, accessory

Question 5

Cardiac notch

Answer 5

Location between 3rd and 5th intercostal spaces on right side of the heart

Gives direct access to heart laterally without passing through lungs

Question 6

Pulmonary ligaments

Answer 6

Stabilize the caudal lobes of the lungs by connecting them to the mediastinum

Question 7

Annular ligaments

Answer 7

Hyaline cartilage that forms the rings of the trachea

Question 8

Carina

Answer 8

Where the trachea branches into primary bronchi

Question 9

Canine esophagus

Answer 9

Entirely skeletal muscle

Question 10

Feline esophagus

Answer 10

Transitions from skeletal (top 2/3) to smooth muscle (bottom 1/3)

Question 11

Parts of the aorta

Answer 11

Aorta = artery

Aortic arch = includes the brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery

Ascending aorta = coronary arteries

Descending aorta = includes bronchoesophageal artery and dorsal intercostal arteries
-larger portion

Question 12

Ascending aorta

Answer 12

-Gives rise to right and left coronary arteries

-coronary arteries supply oxygen rich blood to the heart

Question 13

Branches from aortic arch

Answer 13

Left subclavian artery = goes to left thoracic limb

Brachiocephalic trunk = branches off more

Question 14

Branches of the brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 14

Left common carotid artery

Right common carotid artery

Right subclavian artery = goes to right thoracic limb

Question 15

Branches of left and right subclavian arteries

Answer 15

-Vertebral = very important

-costocervical trunk = supply first 3 intercostal spaces and epaxial muscles

• superficial cervical artery = supply superficial neck muscles
• axillary artery
• internal thoracic artery = supply intercostal spaces ventrically

Acronym
-very
-creepy
-snakes
- are
-interesting

Question 16

Branches of descending aorta (cranial branches)

Answer 16

• dorsal intercostal arteries = supply intercostal spaces and muscles
• bronchesophageal artery = supply lungs

Question 17

Where to intercostal arteries arise from?

Answer 17

Dorsal intercostal arteries
- 1-3 arise from costocervical trunk
- 4-13 arise directly from aorta

Ventral intercostal arteries
-arise from internal thoracic arteries

Cranial to rib = arise from internal thoracic vessels

Dorsal and ventral intercostal arteries anastomose (linked by anastomosis aka cross connection)

Question 18

Veins of thoracic cavity

Answer 18

-azygos vein

-cranial vena cava

-Caudal vena cava

-Costocervical vein

-brachiocephalic vein

-internal thoracic vein

Question 19

Azygos vein

Answer 19

Only right Azygos vein develops usually in dogs and cats

Collects blood from dorsal intercostal veins

Drains into cranial vena cava or right atrium

Question 20

Dorsal intercostal veins

Answer 20

Drains into Azygos vein

Question 21

Ventral intercostal veins

Answer 21

Drains into internal thoracic vein

Dorsal and ventral intercostal veins anastomose (cross connected)

Question 22

Thoracic duct

Answer 22

Carries lymph from Cisterna chyli
-drains into jugular vein, cranial vena cava or left brachiocephalic vein

Runs with aorta and Azygos vein

Question 23

Location of thoracic duct dog and cat

Answer 23

Dog = passes through obliquely from right to left crossing the esophagus at level of the heart

Cat = to the left of the aorta in the caudal mediastinum

Follows esophagus to thoracic inlet

Question 24

Mediastinum regions and what it contains

Answer 24

3 regions = cranial middle and caudal

Contains = heart trachea esophagus lymph nodes thymus vessels and nerves

Bounded by connective tissues and pleura

Not symmetrical deflected to the left due to larger right lung

Easily rupturable due to varying thickness

Question 25

Plica vena cava

Answer 25

Thin loose fold of pleura that surrounds the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve

Forms a space with the mediastinum where the intermediate lobe of the right lung sits