Nervous System (Exam 3) Flashcards
Main Parts of the CNS
Cerebrum(biggest)
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum
3 Main developmental nervous system parts
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
Prosencephalon (differentiates into)
Telencephalon and diencephalon
Mesencephalon (differentiates into)
mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
metencephalon and mylencephalon
Transverse fissure
where cerebellum meets cerebrum
Proencephalon, Mesencephalon, and Rhombencephalon. correspond to what areas respectively?
Forebrain, Midbrain, and hindbrain
cephal
head
Brainstem (consists of)
Midbrain, Pons, and medulla oblongata
Surface foldings on the brain =
increase area, intelligence, thinking (not present in embryo)
Ridges
gyri (gyrus s.)
Grooves
sulci (sulcus s.)
Longitudinal fissure
A very pronounced gyrus (deep) that divides left and right hemispheres
Layers (gray and white matter)
Surface consists of Gray matter
Interior- white matter
Gray matter (composition and characteristics)
nerve cell bodies, non-myelinated axons (and dendrites and glia)
Peripheral areas of cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex
also seen as collections of nerve cell bodies deep within white matter
White Matter (composition and characteristics)
Myelinated axons (+ dendrites and glia)
fibers form bundles of tracts or commissaries; transmit infor
two lateral ventricles (produce/contain CSF)
Corpus
body
callosum
hard
Cerebrum (characteristics)
connected internally via the corpus callosum
each hemisphere has a lateral ventricle that houses CSF
Each hemisphere has 5 Lobes
5 Lobes within the Cerebrum
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- insula
Frontal Lobe
Physical parameters (central sulcus to lateral sulcus)
- pre-central gyrus- contains the primary motor cortex
- higher intellectual fans and personality
- many pyramidal cells
- motor speech area (Broca’s area)-left hemisphere (physical aspect of speech)
Parietal Lobe
Location: under parietal bone
post central gyrus- contains primary somatosensory cortex (touch, pressure, pain, and temperature receptors.
Wernike’s area left hemisphere- (part of this is also in temporal lobe)
many association areas are adjacent- 10 somatosensory and motor cortices process/integrate data and coordinate responses
Temporal Lobe
auditory and olfactory interpretations and storages of experiences
-part of wernike’s area (left side) mental aspects of speech and words.
Occipital Lobe
less distinct lobe
visual processing and visual memory
Insula (2) L and R
deep; work with memory
gustatory interpretation
gustatory=taste
Mapping of sensory/function: homunculus
size of brain area is NOT correlated with the size of the body area that it controls
Cerebral/Hemispheric Lateralization
specialization of each hemisphere for different tasks
Representational Hemisphere
usually right
visual- spacial
Categorical hemisphere
left brain
wernikes and motor speech area (analytical, science, math, music)
May be reversed especially if left handed
appear the same; reflecting psychological differences and not anatomical
Septum Pellucidum
partition between two lateral ventricles
Diencephalon
aka Interbrain
deep to cerebrum
Diencephalon + Cerebrum = Forebrain
relay area (info come in and gets sorted (switchboard) (consists mostly of white matter and some gray)
with deepest areas of cerebrum forms the limbic system
Limbis= circular area (emotional brain- process/experience emotions)
Diencephalon + Cerebrum
= Forebrain
