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Anatomy > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective Tissues (GENERAL)

A
  • most abundant in the body; highly diverse
  • provides STRUCTURAL and METABOLIC support for other tissues
  • physical support
  • transport (blood)
  • protect, insulate, and cushions
  • binding
  • fill spaces
  • storage
  • cells are well separated via extensive matrix
  • capable of mitosis
  • highly vascularized
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2
Q

3 Main Branches of CT (originating from the mesenchyme)

A
  1. CT proper
  2. Supportive CT
  3. Fluid CT
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3
Q

CT Proper

A

Fibroblast= (Fibro=fiber) (blast= germ or bud)
produces matrix fibers
large, flat branched cells
-adipocytes

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4
Q

Supportive CT

A

Chondrocytes- Chondro= cartilage

osteocytes- osteo=bone

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5
Q

IN blood

A

cells: rbc, wbc, and platelets

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6
Q

Matrix of CT can be:

A
  • liquid material: blood the PLASMA
  • Fiberous: in the CT Proper
  • Densely Solid: Supportive (bone)
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7
Q

Matrix of CT Proper

A
  1. Collagenous Fiber
  2. Elastic Fiber
  3. Reticular Fiber (rete-net)
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8
Q

Collagenous Fiber

A

-tough, flexible, whitish, and resist stretching (ligaments and tendons)

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9
Q

Elastic Fiber

A

contains protein elastin

stretch and recoil- yellowish arteries, respiratory passages, and skin

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10
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Rete- net
delicate, form network, not individually strong
(ex. lymph nodes, spleen, liver)

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11
Q

MATRIX - Fiber =

A

Ground substance

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12
Q

Ground substance

A

non-fiberous, contains minerals and molecules
varies in substance- viscous to solid
surrounds/contains cells and fibers
does not = Matrix

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13
Q

CT Proper Types

A

Areolar Loose CT
Adipose
Reticular CT

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14
Q

Areolar Loose CT

A

most general type, no general arrangement

  • binds and packs tissues
  • connects skin to muscle (part of fascia)
  • surrounds nerves and blood vessels- holds things in place
  • highly vascular

Contains: interstitial fluid- fluid in between lots of things, fibers, fibroblasts, and immune cells

-flexible in all directions

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15
Q

Adipose

A

mostly adipocytes and very few fibers

  • stores fat, cushions organs (kidneys), insulates (body heat)
  • organelles are pushed to the edges
  • energy storage throughout the body
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16
Q

Reticular CT

A
  • network of fibers, fibroblasts, some immune cells

- spleen, liver, lymph nodes, thymus

17
Q

Dense Connective tissue

A

Dense regular CT
Dense Irregular CT
Elastic CT

18
Q

Dense Regular CT

A

Large amounts of white because of collagen

  • Strong in the direction that the fibers run
    ex: tendons and ligaments
  • Poor blood supply- slower to heal- need blood to heal
19
Q

Dense Irregular CT

A

Collagen and Elastin protein (with a little more ground substance)

  • vascularized (good blood supply)
  • Fibers interwoven= strong in all directions
  • Found in skin and surrounding some joints
  • Found around the bone (Periosteum) peri=around
  • Found around cartilage- perichondrial
20
Q

Elastic CT

A

elastic fibers and collagen

  • can stretch and rebound
  • found in the heart an d blood vessels and respiratory system
21
Q

Supporting CT

A

Cartilage

Bone

22
Q

Cartilage (general)

A

chondrocytes (single or clusters) in cavities (lacunae) in semisolid matrix they secrete

  • supportive and protective
  • associated with articulating surfaces of bone
  • surrounded by perichondrium - contains blood supply and stem cells
  • avascular when mature- cartilage is slow to heal
23
Q

Types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage

24
Q

Hyaline Cartilage (glasslike)

A
  • weakest but most abundant
  • made of very fine collagen fibers
  • on ends of bone (gristle)
  • in embryo- replaced by bone
  • in trachea (the rings)
  • in the ends of ribs
  • nose
  • most has perichondrium
25
Q

Fibrocartilage

A 
"Strongest" 
Mostly collagen fibers
- forms water filled pads 
- NO PERICHONDRIUM 
- found in : interverbrial discs, pubic joint, menisci of knee
26
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Less abundant

  • lots of elastic fibers= makes it appear yellow
  • firm- yet pliable
  • perichondrium
  • external ear, epiglottis of larynx
27
Q

Bone

A

Most rigid connective tissue
-good vascular supply- metabolically active (remodels)
-mature cells= osteocytes
-matrix: hydroxyapatite ( Ca, P salts), collagen fibers
-periosteum- covers most bone surfaces
site of ligament and tendon attachment

28
Q

Two Types of Bone

A

Spongey and Compact

29
Q

Compact Bone

A

aka dense bone
hard outer portion of individual bones
-Structural unit: Osteon
-Central Canal (contains: vein, artery, and nerve)
-lamellae- concentric layers of matrix
-osteocytes in lacunae occur between adjacent lamellae
-Canaliculi- radial canals containing cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes (communication agents) LOOK @ pg 155

30
Q

Spongey/ cancellous bone

A
  • forms porous inner portion of individual bones
  • NO OSTEONS HAS AN OPEN LATTICE OF TRABECULAE
  • Red Marrow contained here that forms elements of blood

Anatomy (14 decks)

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