Nervous System: Chapter 12-16 Flashcards
Processing and interpreting sensory input
Integration
Gathered information from stimuli
Sensory input
Response that activates muscle or glands
Motor output
Nerve cells
Neurons
Nucleus, metabolic center
Cell body
Processes that conduct impulses to cell body
Dendrites
Processes that conduct impulses away from cell body
Axons
End of axon, release neurotransmitters
Axonal terminal
Chemicals released from axonal terminals, stimulate cells
Neurotransmitters
Gap between neurons
Synaptic cleft
Junction
Synapse
Fatty material that protects and insulates
Myelin
Myelin that insulates axon
Myelin sheath
Surrounds myelin sheath
Neurilemma
Gaps in myelin sheath–allows for faster conduction
Nodes of Ranvier
Supports, insulates and protects, but do not transmit impulses
Neuroglia
Abundant, star-shaped; anchor neurons to nutrients and blood supply
Astrocytes
Spider-like phagocytes; dispose of waste material
Microglia
Line and circulate cavities filled with fluid in the CNS
Ependymal cells
Produce myelin sheath-wrap around axon
Oligodendrocytes
Supporting cells that wrap myelin around axon
Schwann cells
Protective cushioning cells
Satellite cells
Brain, spinal cord
CNS
Spinal nerves, cranial nerves (communication lines)
PNS
Division of the PNS; impulses from body to CNS
Sensory division
Division of the PNS; impulses from CNS to body
Motor division
PNS–>Sensory division–>??; fibers from skin/muscles
Somatic sensory fibers
PNS–>sensory division–>??; fibers from organs
Visceral sensory fibers
PNS–>motor division–>??; controls muscles and voluntary reflexes
Somatic (voluntary) nervous system
PNS–>motor division–>??; controls smooth, cardiac, and glands
Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system
RNS–>motor division–>autonomic–>??; fight-or-flight
Sympathetic
RNS–>motor division–>autonomic–>??; resting and digesting (reverses effects of sympathetic)
Parasympathetic
