Ch. 11 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Cardiac muscle, responsible for contractions
Myocardium
Attaches to the surface of the heart
Aka visceral pericardium
Epicardium (outer layer of heart)
Endothelial tissue, continuous with the lining of the blood vessels
Endocardium
Valves on the right side of the heart are…
Tricuspid
Valves on the left side of the heart are…
Bicuspid
Valves open during ventricular contraction?
Semilunar valves
Valves closed during ventricular contraction?
AV valves
Prevent blood from reentering the heart
Semilunar valves
Guards exit at the pulmonary artery
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Guards (heart) exit at the aorta
Aortic semilunar valve
Attaches to surface of the heart
Aka epicardium
Visceral pericardium
Attaches to thoracic cavity wall
Parietal pericardium
What directly connects to a capillary?
Arterioles and venules
Main artery that supplies the systemic circulation with blood?
Aorta
Blood vessels that take blood to the vena cava are…
Systemic veins
What arteries carry oxygenated blood?
Systemic arteries
What arteries carry deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary arteries
What veins carry oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary veins
What veins carry deoxygenated blood?
Systemic veins
Where is the SA node located?
Right atrium
Junction between the atria and ventricles
AV node
Only site where any gas/nutrient exchange can occur in tissues
Capillary
What type of blood enters the right atrium?
Deoxygenated
What type of blood enters the left atrium?
Oxygenated
Why is the left ventricle wall thicker?
It has to pump blood to the body
“Heart strings”
Holds cusps to heart wall
Chordea tendinae
Type of tunic that lines inside of the vessels; squamous epithelial (lines inner layer of vessels); cells are loose; slick surface to reduce friction
Tunica intima
Type of tunic that is the middle layer; smooth muscle, changes blood pressure as vessels constrict/dilate
Tunica media
Type of tunic that is the outer layer; fibrous connective tissue; supports/protects
Tunica externa
How does the myocardium receive its own blood supply?
Through coronary arteries
What blood vessels empty into the right atrium?
Superior and inferior vena cava/coronary sinus
Region (of heart) that points toward left hip
Apex
Wider region toward top of heart where large vessels branch off; points toward right shoulder
Base
Divides atria
Interatrial septum
Divides ventricles
Interventricular septum
Drains the myocardium of un oxygenated blood
Coronary veins
The coronary veins empty into…
Coronary sinus
Atrial cells: BPM?
60 BPM
Ventricular cells: BPM?
20-40 BPM
Speed up or slows down heart rate in response to activity?
Autonomic nervous system
List the 5 parts of the intrinsic conduction system in sequential order:
-SA node
-AV node
-Atrioventricular bundle
-bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
Ventricular relaxation; measures minimum pressure
Diastole
Ventricular contraction; measures maximum pressure
Systole
Similarities between veins and arteries?
Both carry blood
Differences between veins and arteries?
Veins: low pressure, carry blood towards heart, thinner walls, have valves, insides=larger
Arteries: carry blood away from heart, higher pressure, thicker walls to spend to accommodate blood
Two types of arteries that branch off from the aorta?
Systemic and coronary
Decrease in serous fluid, forms adhesions (disorder)
Pericarditis
Chest pain; lack of oxygen in the myocardium (disorder)
Angina pectoris
‘Heart attack,’ death of heart cells (disorder)
Myocardial infarction
Heart defect where there are structural abnormalities (1/2 infant deaths) (disorder)
Congestive heart failure
Thickening and toughening of arterial walls
Arteriosclerosis
