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med term > nervous system ch 9 > Flashcards

nervous system ch 9 Flashcards

1
Q

sensory neurons

A

afferent; conduct electrical signals from body to brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

motor neurons

A

efferent; receive electrical impulses from brain and spinal cord to parts of body

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3
Q

extend from neuron cell body and receive electrical impulses

A

dendrites

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4
Q

transmit electrical impulses from nerve body to axon terminals

A

axons

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5
Q

point where neurons communicate

A

synapse

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6
Q

chemical messengers that pass neural impulse across cleft, from one neuron to another

A

neurotransmitter

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7
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord; receives, processes and responds to impulses from all over body

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8
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

nerves that extend throughout body;

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9
Q

gray matter

A

unmyelinated nerve tissue; composed of nerve cell bodies and dendrites

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10
Q

white matter

A

myelin sheaths, ascending spinal tracts and descending spinal tracts

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11
Q

meninges

A

protecting connective tissue for CNS; dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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12
Q

cerebrum

A

superior and anterior brain; high-level cognitive function: language, reasoning, planning, memory, and sensory integration

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13
Q

corpus callosum

A

nerve tissue by which left and right brain communicate

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14
Q

frontal lobes

A

movement, reasoning, planning, problem solving, speech, and emotions; seat of personality

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15
Q

parietal lobes

A

sensory stimuli

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16
Q

occipital lobes

A

sight

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17
Q

temporal lobes

A

hearing, smell, factual and visual memory, language processing

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18
Q

cerebellum

A

controls balance and equilibrium

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19
Q

diencephalon

A

has key glands: thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal

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20
Q

thalamus

A

sensory traffic director, memory and learning

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21
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls ANS, heart rate, BP, temp, hormone, hunger, thirst, digestion

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22
Q

pineal

A

secretes melatonin

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23
Q

brain stem parts

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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24
Q

midbrain

A

passageway for electrical impulses

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25
Q

pons

A

connects cerebellum to rest of brain

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26
Q

medulla oblongata

A

connects brain to spinal cord

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27
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

protects brain and spinal cord

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28
Q

dura mater

A

thick sack of collagen fibers and blood vessels to protect CNS from injury

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29
Q

arachnoid mater

A

fibers to connect to pia mater

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30
Q

pia mater

A

thin, delicate tissue membrane, directly on brain/spinal cord

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31
Q

number of cranial and spinal PNS nerves

A

12 cranial pairs, 31 spinal pairs

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32
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight-or-flight response

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33
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest-and-digest system

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34
Q

somatic nervous system (SNS)

A

skeletal muscles and skin

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35
Q

alzheimer’s disease

A

atrophy of frontal and occipital lobes; memory loss, deterioration of intellect, speech and movement disturbances, apathy, disorientation

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36
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

muscular weakness and atrophy, involuntary contractions, excessive reflexes, degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord and brain’s medulla & cortex

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37
Q

astrocytoma

A

tumor of neuroglial (glial) tissue

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38
Q

aura

A

subjective sensation before migraine or seizure

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39
Q

bell’s palsy

A

unilateral paralysis of nerves controlling facial muscles, usually temporary, caused by virus

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40
Q

brain tumor

A

intracranial mass; can be neoplastic, cystic, or inflammatory

41
Q

cerebral aneurysm

A

dilation of blood vessel in cerebrum, may place pressure on brain or other brain tissue

42
Q

cerebral contusion

A

bruising of cerebral tissue

43
Q

cerebral palsy

A

affects movement and muscle tone, defect to brain from prior or during birth

44
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

death of brain tissue, arterial blockage/rupture prevent blood flow to brain; STROKE

45
Q

hemorrhagic

A

type of CVA; ruptured blood vessel bleeds into surrounding tissue of brain

46
Q

ischemic stroke

A

type of CVA that occurs when a blood vessel that supplies blood to brain is blocked, caused by fatty plaque deposits in arteries called atherosclerosis

47
Q

coma

A

extended unconsciousness caused by TBI, stoke, infection or illness

48
Q

concussion

A

TBI; blow to head or violent shaking, partial or complete loss of brain function

49
Q

convulsion

A

sudden, abnormal, involuntary contraction of muscles, included in SOME seizures

50
Q

delirium

A

mental confusion and agitation; disorientation, hallucination

51
Q

dementia

A

progressive mental deterioration; organic brain disease; memory loss, difficult language expression, inability to perform daily activities

52
Q

epidural hematoma

A

mass of blood formed between skull and dura mater, from brain colliding with skull

53
Q

epilepsy

A

CNS disorder neural cell activity disrupted, causing seizures

54
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

inflammation of multiple peripheral nerves; muscle weakness, paralysis, post recovery of infectious disease

55
Q

headache

A

diffused pain of head

56
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness of one side of body

57
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of body

58
Q

hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid inside ventricles of brain, causes cephalomegaly, seen in young children

59
Q

meningocele

A

congenital hernia, meninges protrude through opening of skull or spinal cord

60
Q

migraine

A

headache with intense pain in one area of head, nausea vomiting hypersensitivity to light and sound

61
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

development of thin, demyelinated glial patched “plaques”, weakness of limbs, unsteady and uncoordinated movement, fatigue

62
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

skeletal muscle disease, disrupts neural communication between muscles and nerves

63
Q

myelomeningocele

A

form of spina bifida, portion of spinal cord and meninges through spine

64
Q

paralysis

A

loss of voluntary movement

65
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis legs down

66
Q

paraesthesia

A

numbness, prickling, tingling in extremities, irritation of sensory nerves/nerve roots

67
Q

parkinson’s disease

A

nervous system disorder, tremor, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, irregular gait

68
Q

reye’s syndrome

A

acute encephalopathy and hepatomegaly seen in children under age of 18 after viral infection

69
Q

seizure

A

disruption of electrical activity in brain, produces physical and mental changes

70
Q

focal seizure

A

abn activity occurring in more than one area of brain

71
Q

grand mal seizure

A

violent muscle contractions and loss of consciousness

72
Q

petit mal seizure

A

brief sudden lapses of consciousness (absence seizure)

73
Q

shingles

A

rash from VZV virus that remains dormant near brain and spinal cord

74
Q

spina bifida

A

part of spinal cord membrane protrudes through gap in spine

75
Q

subdural hematoma

A

mass of blood between dura mater and arachnoid matter, most common TBI

76
Q

syncope

A

loss of consciousness, inadequate blood flow to brain

77
Q

transient ischemic attack

A

stoppage of blood to part of brain, warning sign of stroke

78
Q

tremor

A

involuntary trembling

79
Q

unconsciousness

A

lack of awareness and ability to respond to stimuli

80
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

excessive worry, not restricted to specific situations

81
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

performing repetitive actions to prevent irrational thoughts/fears

82
Q

panic disorder

A

sudden recurring attacks of anxiety

83
Q

phobia

A

exaggerated fear

84
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

A

from extremely traumatic experience, triggers persistent thoughts and memories of experience

85
Q

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

frequently distracted, hyperactive, lack of impulse control

86
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

difficulty communicating with others and focus beyond oneself

87
Q

dyslexia

A

learning disorder, challenge recognizing written language

88
Q

intellectual disability

A

below-average intelligence, can’t develop skills for daily living

89
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

abnormally low body weight; fear of gaining weight, distorted perception of body

90
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

binge eating followed by purging (vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise

91
Q

bipolar disorder

A

alternating periods of emotional highs and depressions

92
Q

depression

A

persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness, lack of interest

93
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

depression during fall and winter, lack of exposure to natural light

94
Q

psychotic disorders

A

loss of touch with reality; hallucinations, delusion

95
Q

postpartum psychosis

A

first week post-childbirth; confusion, disorientation, paranoia, obsession over infant

96
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

symptoms of schizophrenia (delusions, hallucinations) and mood disorders (depression or mania)

97
Q

schizophrenia

A

mental disorder producing disordered thought processes and emotional perceptions; delusion, hallucinations, periods of unresponsiveness

98
Q

substance abuse disorders

A

resulting from abuse of drugs, alcohol or toxins

med term (15 decks)

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