digestion ch 8 Flashcards by Valerie Knox

anal fistula

tube-like passageway between anus and skin near anus. usually caused by infection developed into abscess (pus-filled area)

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anorexia nervosa

self-deprivation of food; pathological weight loss, affects digestive system

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appendicitis

inflammation of appendix

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bulimia

gorging with food then purging; vomiting, excessive exercise, laxatives

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celiac disease

malabsorption syndrome; weight loss and diarrhea, caused by foods containing gluten

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cholecytitis

inflammation of gallbladder

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cholelithiasis

stones in gallbladder

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cirrhosis

scarring of liver due to alcohol, drugs, or virus such as hepatitis

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colon cancer

tumor of glandular tissues (adenocarcinoma) in colon, rectum, or both

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Crohn’s Disease

chronic; inflammation of digestive tract

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dental carries

tooth decay or cavity; destroys enamel or dentin

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enteritis

inflammation of intestines, diarrhea

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esophageal varices

swollen, tortuous veins in upper distal part of esophagus of upper part of stomach

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gastroenteritis

inflammation of stomach and intestines; stomach bug

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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

backwards flow of stomach acids into esophagus

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hepatitis

inflammation of liver; usually caused by viral infection

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hepatitis A

acute, spread through food contaminated by feces of person infected

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hepatitis B

chronic, potentially life threatening; spread through blood or other bodily fluids during sexual contact or birth

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hepatitis C

chronic, potentially life threatening; blood or bodily fluids during blood transfusion or illegal drug needles

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hernia

protrusion of organ or structure through muscle that usually contains it

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hiatal hernia

upper part off stomach protrudes through esophageal opening in diaphragm

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inguinal hernia

portion of intestines protrude through weakened abdominal wall or groin

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intestinal obstruction

partial or complete stoppage of digested food in intestinal tract

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ileus

temporary stoppage of intestinal peristalsis, commonly seen 24-72 hours after abdominal surgery; pain, vomiting, fever, abdominal distension, absence of stool formation

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intestinal adhesions

fibrous bands of tissue that normally bind intestines together, may result from trauma or inflammation

intussusception

folding of one part of intestine into opening of adjacent section; younger children or infants

strangulating obstruction

blood flow to segment of intestines blocked; can lead to necrosis, gangrene, and perforation

volvulus

abnormal twisting of the intestine

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

diarrhea, cramping, bloating, constipation; associated with stress and tension

pancreatitis

inflammation of pancreas

peptic ulcer

gastric or duodenal ulcer (open sore); caused by helicobacter pylori

periodontal disease

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

peritonitis

inflammation of abd cavity caused by bacterial infection; after rupture of abdominal organ or abd region trauma

ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammation of colon with ulcers

lack or no appetite

anorexia

accumulation of fluid in abdomen

ascites

borborygmus

movement of gas/fluid through digestive tract, producing grumbling

difficult stool elimination

constipation

fluid loss exceeds fluid intake

dehydration

abnormally frequent elimination of loose/watery stool

diarrhea

dyspepsia

difficult digestion

dysphagia

difficult swallowing

emesis

vomiting

eructation

release of stomach gas through mouth

flatus

gas expelled from anus

halitosis

bad breath

hematemisis

vomiting of blood

hematochezia

bright red blood discharged from anus

jaundice

yellow skin and other tissue; high blood levels of bilirubin (yellow substance in bile)

nausea

urge to vomit

regurgitation

return of swallowed food from stomach

ulcer

open sore or lesion of mucous lining in gastric organ (like stomach or esophagus)

abdominal ultrasound

sound waves to get image of abdominal organs

barium enema; lower gastrointestinal (LGI)

x-ray of large intestine including rectum, uses barium as contrast medium

endoscopy

examination of body organs or cavities through scope

capsule endoscopy

tiny wireless camera takes pictures of digestive tract

colonoscopy

examining of colon using scope

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

examination of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using scope

gastroscopy

examination of stomach using scope

laparoscopy

placing laparoscope through abdominal wall into internal organ to examine

sigmoidoscopy

visual examination of sigmoid colon using scope

fluoroscopy

x-ray using fluoroscope for real-time moving images of interior

amylase

blood test detect elevated levels of enzyme common in pancreatic disorders

liver profile

measures enzymes involved in liver functions and waste products produced as result

occult blood test

test for blood in stool

serology test

seeking common antigen/antibody

upper gastrointestinal (UGI)

x rays of stomach and duodenum after barium swallowed

acid blocker

block acid production in stomach

antiemetic

relieves nausea or vomiting

bariatric surgery

lap bands, gastric bypasses; reduce size of stomach or digestive tract