ch 11 review

Question 1

acidosis

Answer 1

increase in blood, fluids, and body tissue acidity; excess hydrogen

Question 2

acromegaly

Answer 2

enlargement of face, feet, and hands; malfunction hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland; hypersecretion of GH

Question 3

addison’s disease

Answer 3

insufficient secretion of cortisol and aldosterone; anemia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, fatigue, more skin pigmentation, joint pain, loss of appetite

Question 4

adenocarcinoma

Answer 4

malignant tumor on gland or mucus-secreting organ

Question 5

adrenal feminization

Answer 5

development of female secondary sex characteristics in male

Question 6

adrenal virilism

Answer 6

development of male secondary sex characteristics in female

Question 7

cretinism

Answer 7

congenital hypothyroidism; lack of thyroid hormone secretion; delayed or abn physical and mental development

Question 8

cushing’s syndrome

Answer 8

hypersecretion of cortisol; caused by tumor or prolonged steroid use

Question 9

diabetes insipidus

Answer 9

caused by inadequate ADH secretion by posterior pituitary gland; polydipsia and polyuria

Question 10

diabetes mellitus

Answer 10

insufficient production of insulin or body’s inability to produce insulin; type I and II diabetes

Question 11

type 1 diabetes

Answer 11

insufficient insulin production because of abnormalities in islets of langerhans; hyperglycemia

Question 12

type 2 diabetes

Answer 12

insulin production may be normal, body cannot use insulin sufficiently or sufficiently produce

Question 13

diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 13

condition of diabetes; acidic ketone bodies produced due to high glucose levels

Question 14

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 14

diabetes mellitus; damage to retina

Question 15

dwarfism

Answer 15

abnormally short; endocrine dysfunction, lack of GH

Question 16

edema

Answer 16

local or generalized swelling; excessive fluid in body tissues

Question 17

exophtalmos

Answer 17

abn protrusion of eyeball; hyperthyroidism; extra tissue behind eyes

Question 18

gugantism

Answer 18

excessive growth of body parts; hypersecretion of GH

Question 19

Graves’ disease

Answer 19

results in hyperthyroidism; bulging eyes and enlarged thyroid

Question 20

dynecomastia

Answer 20

abnormally large mammary glands in male

Question 21

hirsutism

Answer 21

excessive growth or presence of hair in unusual places, especially women; overproduction of androgens

Question 22

hyperparathyroidism

Answer 22

excessive PTH production; degeneration of bones

Question 23

insulinoma

Answer 23

beta cell tumor, causes insulin secretion, even when blood sugar is low; typically bening, but may cause hypoglycemia

Question 24

myxedema

Answer 24

hypothyroidism; puffy skin, swelling of laryngeal and pharyngeal mucous membranes

Question 25

obesity

Answer 25

abn amount of fat on body

Question 26

panhypopituitarism

Answer 26

inadequate or lack of secretion of anterior pituitary hormones

Question 27

peripheral neuropathy

Answer 27

damage to nerves that cause pain and weakness; caused by diabetes and hypothyroidism

Question 28

pheochromocytoma

Answer 28

tumor of adrenal glands, excretes extra epinephrine; headaches, hypertension, palpitations, paleness, SOB

Question 29

syndrome of inappropriate hormone secretion (SIADH)

Answer 29

excessive ADH secretion; hypervolemia, hyponatremia

Question 30

tetany

Answer 30

nervous excitability and muscle spasms caused by PTH deficiency, inadequate calcium levels

Question 31

thyrotoxicosis

Answer 31

conditions caused by T3 and T4 increases; includes Graves’ disease, goiter, some hyperthyroidism

Question 32

blood serum tests

Answer 32

blood measured for specific levels of hormones

Question 33

catecholamines tests

Answer 33

measures catecholamines; secreted by adrenal medulla

Question 34

fasting blood sugar

Answer 34

blood glucose measured after patient’s 12 hr fast

Question 35

glucose tolerance test

Answer 35

blood test to determine body’s response to insulin

Question 36

HCG tests

Answer 36

tests for human chorionic gonadotropin to detect pregnancy, or changes in pregnancy

Question 37

PBI test

Answer 37

measures thyroid activity through amount of protein-bound iodine in blood

Question 38

RIA

Answer 38

measures protein-bound hormones in blood plasma; radioactive chemical injected