ch 12 review

Question 1

anuria

Answer 1

abscence of production of urine

Question 2

diuresis

Answer 2

abnormal increase in production of urine

Question 3

dysuria

Answer 3

diff/painful urination

Question 4

enuresis

Answer 4

involuntary discharge of urine

Question 5

glycosuria

Answer 5

carbs/sugar in urine

Question 6

hematuria

Answer 6

blood in urine

Question 7

nocturnal enuresis

Answer 7

involuntary discharge of urine during sleep

Question 8

oliguris

Answer 8

scanty amount of urine produced

Question 9

polyuria

Answer 9

excessive urine production

Question 10

urinary incontinence

Answer 10

loss of voluntary control over discharge of urine from bladder

Question 11

urinary retention

Answer 11

can’t completely empty bladder; urethral blockage or neurological disorder

Question 12

urinary urgency

Answer 12

sudden urge to urinate

Question 13

cystitis

Answer 13

inflammation of bladder

Question 14

cystocele

Answer 14

herniation of bladder through vaginal wall

Question 15

cystolithiasis

Answer 15

calculi of urinary bladder

Question 16

diabetes

Answer 16

has excessive amounts of urine

Question 17

glomerulonephritis

Answer 17

inflammation of kidney glomeruli

Question 18

interstitial cystitis

Answer 18

chronic bladder wall inflammation

Question 19

nephritic syndrome

Answer 19

marked by blood and protein in the urine and edema

Question 20

nephrolithiasis

Answer 20

renal calculi; kidney stones

Question 21

nephrosclerosis

Answer 21

arteriole walls of kidney narrow and thicken, caused by hypertension and leads to renal ischemia

Question 22

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 22

increased blood levels phenylalanine; doesn’t have enzyme to process it

Question 23

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Answer 23

cysts in kidney, large and impaired function kidney

Question 24

pyelonephritis

Answer 24

inflammation of lining of renal pelvis and functional tissue of kidney

Question 25

renal cell carcinoma

Answer 25

cancer in kidney

Question 26

renal failure

Answer 26

kidney disease/damage impairs filtration

Question 27

renal hypertension

Answer 27

high BP due to kidney disease

Question 28

renal ischemia

Answer 28

blood flow to glomerulus decreases, atrophy , scarring, caused by nephrosclerosis

Question 29

UTI

Answer 29

infection of bladder, pain during urination, more common in women (shorter urethra)

Question 30

vesicovaginal fistula

Answer 30

opening between bladder and vagina, causes urinary/fecal incontinence

Question 31

wilms tumor

Answer 31

malignant cancer of kidney in childhood

Question 32

UA color

Answer 32

yellow (amber)-straw colored

Question 33

UA pH

Answer 33

5.0-6.5; slightly acidic

Question 34

UA protein

Answer 34

absence or small amount

Question 35

UA glucose

Answer 35

none

Question 36

UA ketones

Answer 36

aka acetones; negative; result of breakdown of fat in body

Question 37

UA occult hematuria

Answer 37

checks for presence of RBCs; negative

Question 38

UA leukocytes

Answer 38

WBCs indicate bacterial infection

Question 39

UA nitrites

Answer 39

produced by bacteria; present means UTI

Question 40

UA bilirubin

Answer 40

yellow pigment in liver bile; can indicate liver or gallbladder disease

Question 41

UA sp gr

Answer 41

concentration of minerals, solids, and wastes compared to water; high specific gravity could mean dehydration