Nervous system (ch 11)

Question 1

4 lobes in the cerebrum and their jobs

Answer 1

1. Frontal: voluntary movement (muscles), memory, intelligence, personality
2. Temporal: sound and smell (2s)
3. Parietal: Touch, pain/ pressure, Temp, Taste (3T)
4. Occipital: vision

Question 2

Cerebellum job

Answer 2

co-ordinates muscle movements: balance/ coordination (muscle memory)

Question 3

Pons job

Answer 3

bridge for sensory info between cerebellum & medulla oblongata

Question 4

medulla oblongata job

Answer 4

autonomic brain control:

involuntary muscle movement (heart/breathing rate, digestion control, blood vessel diameters, etc)

Question 5

hypothalamus job

Answer 5

• send signal to medulla oblongata or pituitary gland

- maintains homeostasis

Question 6

spinal chord job

Answer 6

controls reflexes

nerve highway: nerves go to brain and leave brain through the spinal chord (2-way communication)

Question 7

5 steps of reflex arc

Answer 7

1. stimulus
2. sensory neuron: reception/ action potential
3. interneuron: integrate; send signal to brain & motor neuron
4. motor neuron
5. effector organ: response

Question 8

Which 2 things are included in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Answer 8

brain and spinal cord

Question 9

2 branches of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 9

1. autonomic (involuntary)

2. somatic (voluntary)

Question 10

2 branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 10

• involuntary
  1. sympathetic (ON switch- fight or flight) excitatoty
  2. parasympathetic (OFF switch- rest and digest) inhibitory

Question 11

2 branches of the somatic (voluntary) nervous system

Answer 11

1. sensory somatic (afferent- bring info in)

2. motor somatic (efferent- bring info out)

Question 12

dendrite

Answer 12

short branches that receive incoming impulses/ neurotransmitters. conduct impulse to cell body

Question 13

cell body

Answer 13

bridge between dendrite and axon; grouped together to form ganglia when along spinal cord or nuclei within CNS. contains organelles and nucleus

Question 14

axon

Answer 14

conduct impulse away form the cell body. large dendrite

Question 15

neurilemma

Answer 15

membrane around myelinated (white matter) neurons, promotes regeneration of damaged neurons

Question 16

myelin sheath

Answer 16

white, fatty insulator that prevents ion loss and increases impulse speed. produced by schwann cells

Question 17

node of ranvier

Answer 17

gaps between neighboring schwann cells; allows ions to enter axon from external environment

Question 18

axon bulbs

Answer 18

end of axon; contains synapitic vesicles that release neurotransmitters (acetylcholine or norepinepherine) into synapse

Question 19

synaptic cleft (synapse)

Answer 19

space between one neuron and the next

Question 20

resting potential

Answer 20

• when a fibre is not transmitting a signal (POLARIZED)
• maintains a charge of -70mV
• Na/K pump: 3Na out for every 2 K in
• neg proteins in axon/cell
• K building up inside diffuses out the K leak channels

Question 21

action potential

Answer 21

• sending a signal in response to stimuli that exceeds threshold level (DEPOLARIZATION)
• charge inside neuron jumps to +40mV
• na gates open, na floods in
• k leak channels remain open

Question 22

repolarization

Answer 22

end of signal transmission, beginning steps to regain polarization

• -80mV (hyperpolariztaion- very negative)
• Na gates close, K gates open and too much K leaves

Question 23

refractory period

Answer 23

neuron cannot re-fire until na is returned to outside, so pumping na/ k starts again to regain polariztaion (-70mV inside, positive outside)

Question 24

drugs “do their thing” at the _____

Answer 24

synapse

Question 25

summation

Answer 25

effect produced by the accumulation of neurotransmitters from many neurons
-allows to reach above threshold

Question 26

brain contains the unmyelinated (_____) outer layer, and myelinated (____) inner layer

Answer 26

grey, white

Question 27

responsible for flipping of everything in the brain

why the right side of you brain controls the left side, vise versa

Answer 27

corpus callosum

Question 28

job of sensory-somatic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 28

• carries sensory impulses (sensors) to CNS
• carries output impules from CNS to effectors
• under voluntary/ conscious control