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Nervous System Pt 1 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the nervous systems three broad functions?

A

Sensory
Integrative
Motor

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1
Q

One of the body’s principal control and integrating centers, and the other is the endocrine system.

A

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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2
Q

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

A

The central nervous system cns

The peripheral nervous system pns

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3
Q

What is the central nervous system made up of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

All nerve tissue outside of the spinal cord and brain are part of what system?
- NERVES THAT CONNECT THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD (Cns) WITH RECEPTORS, MUSCLES AND GLANDS

A

Peripheral nervous system pns

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5
Q

What are the two types of cells found in the nervous system?

A

Neurons

Neuroglia

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6
Q

Highly specialized cells for nerve impulse conduction and for all special functions attributed to the nervous system: thinking, controlling, activity, and regulating glands.

Not capable of mitosis

A

Neurons

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7
Q

What are the three basic parts of each neuron?

A

The cell body (soma)
One or more dendrites
Single axon

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8
Q

What are neurons classified as?

A

Afferent, efferent, or interneurons

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9
Q
  • or sensory, neurons carry impulses from peripheral sense receptors to the CNS
  • are the first cells to pick up incoming information
A

Afferent neurons

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10
Q
  • or motor, neurons transmit impulses from the cns to the effector organs such as muscles and glands
  • nerve cells within the efferent systems
A

Efferent neurons

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11
Q

Are located entirely within the cns in which they form the connecting link between the afferent and efferent neurons

A

Interneurons

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12
Q

-are afferent processes that transmits impulses to the neuron cell body.

A

Dendrites

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13
Q

What projects from the cell body and is an efferent process that carries impulses away from the cell body

A

Axon

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14
Q

Are the distal ends of the telodendria that are slightly enlarged to form what ?

A

Synaptic bulbs

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15
Q

Some axons are wrapped in a myelin sheath formed from the plasma membranes of specialized glial cells known as

A

Schwann cells

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16
Q

Are connective tissues cells that do not conduct nerve impulses, but instead, they support and nourish and protect the neurons.

A

Neuroglias

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17
Q

A cordlike structure consisting of a collections of nerve fibers (neurons) that convey impulses

A

Nerve

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18
Q

Is the control center for the entire nervous system and consists of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

Cns

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19
Q

What three parts is the brain divided into

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
And brain stem

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20
Q

What is the structure that divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

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21
Q

Is a region of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception and motor output.

A

Cerebellum

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22
Q

Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes? What are they

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

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23
Q

Is continuous with the spinal cord, it is composed of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain

  • it relays information from the body to the brain and vice versa
  • regulates the cardiovascular system, pain respiration, pain sensitivity, alertness and consciousness
A

Brain stem

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24
Q

Is a cylindrical bundle of nerves that is slightly flattened anteriorly and posteriorly

A

Spinal cord

25
Q

The spinal cord is composed of what matter?

A

Gray and white matter

26
Q

Is where the cell bodies located, is found in the central portion of the spinal cord.

A

Gray matter

27
Q

Where the axons of the spinal cord are located

A

White matter

28
Q

The brain and spinal cord are covered by three layers of tissue known collectively as the

A

The meninges

29
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges

A

Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater

30
Q

Inner most layer of the meninges

-it closely adheres to the brain and spinal cord

31
Q

A layer that has a spider web appearance

-it serves to cushion the cns

A

Arachnoid layer

32
Q

The thicker most outer layer of the meninges.

A

Dura mater

33
Q

Associated with motor skills (including speech) and cognitive functions (reasoning, planning emotion)

A

Frontal lobe

34
Q

Associated with sensory processing and understanding language,.

A

Parietal lobe

35
Q

Associated with visual processing

A

Occipital lobe

36
Q

Is with in the cerebrum and continuos with the mid brain (brain stem)
Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

The diencephalon

37
Q

Is involved in relaying motor and sensory information to the cerebral cortex as well as regulating consciousness sleep and alertness

A

The thalamus

38
Q

Regulates thirst, hunger, body temperature, and the circadian rhythm. ( the body’s 24 hour biological cycle)
- it also connects with and controls the pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

Consists of nerve cells that convey information from receptors in the periphery of the body to the cns

A

Afferent system

40
Q

Consist of nerve cells that convey information from the cns to the muscles and glands. It is divided into the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems

A

Efferent systems

41
Q

Consists of efferent neurons that conduct impulses from the cns to the skeletal muscle tissue. It is under conscious control and therefore is considered voluntary

A

Somatic nervous system

42
Q

Contains efferent neurons that convey impulses from the central nervous system to smooth muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system

43
Q

-stimulates some visceral action and inhibits others.
Stimulates heartbeat, raises BP, dilates pupils, dilates the trachea and bronchi, stimulates the conversion of liver glycogen into glucose, shunts blood away from the skin and to the viscera to the skeletal muscles, brain, and heart

A

Sympathetic nervous system

44
Q

Slowing down of the heart beat, lowering of BP, constriction of pupils , increased blood flow to the skin and viscera, peristalsis of the GI Tract

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

45
Q

The junction between a nerve cell and another cell

46
Q

The space between two cells is known as

A

Synaptic cleft

47
Q

Name three types of neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine

48
Q

-there are 12 pairs, and designated with roman numerals and names. Pns
Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

A

Cranial nerves

49
Q

True or false

There are 31pairs of spinal nerves that branch off the spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1coccygeal.

50
Q

Networks on either side of the body created by the grouping of adjacent nerves

51
Q

First four cervical nerves (c1-c4) with contributions from c5

A

Cervical plexus

52
Q

Formed by the spinal nerves c5-c8 and t1

- it constitutes the entire nerve supply for the upper extremity and part of the shoulder region

A

Brachial plexus

53
Q

Supplies the deltoid and TERES minor muscles

A

Axillary nerve

54
Q

Supplies the flexors of the arm and forearm

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

55
Q

Supplies the muscles on the posterior aspect of the arm and forearm

A

Radial nerve

56
Q

Supplies most of the muscles of the anterior forearm and some of the muscles in the palm of the hand

A

Median nerve

57
Q

Supplies the anteromedial muscles of the forearm and most of the muscles of the palm of the hand

A

Ulnar nerve

58
Q

Spinal nerves L1-L4

A

Lumbar plexus

59
Q

Spinal nerves L4,L5, and s1-s4. It supplies the buttocks, perineum and much of the lower extremities.

A

Sacral plexus

60
Q

The largest nerve arising from the sacral plexus and the largest nerve in the body. It supplies the entire musculature of the leg and foot

A

Sciatic nerve

61
Q

Spinal nerve T2-T11, do not enter into the formation of the plexuses. These nerves are distributed directly to the structures they supply in the intercostal spaces

A

Thoracic nerves

Nervous System Pt 1 (8 decks)

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