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biology 12 > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

A neurotransmitter released in response to the parasympathetic nervous system - puts you into a relaxed state

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

The brain stem

A

Medulla oblongata

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3
Q

The portion of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the body

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

The dorsal root looks different then the ventral root due to the presence of an enlargement called the dorsal root _______

A

Ganglion

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5
Q

The void running down the centre of the spinal cord

A

Central canal

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6
Q

Shorter branches of a neuron which receive nerve impulses

A

Dendrites

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7
Q

The ______ period occurs when sodium and potassium ions are being returned to their resting potential concentrations

A

Refractory

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8
Q

During resting potential, _____ is the most common ion inside of the cell

A

Potassium

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9
Q

Synaptic _____ contain the neurotransmitters within the axon ends

A

Vesicles

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10
Q

During resting potential, ______ is the most common ion outside of the cell

A

Sodium

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11
Q

The ventral root conducts nerve impulses ______ from the spinal cord

A

Away

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12
Q

Another word for “sensory” neuron

A

Afferent

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13
Q

Nerves are bundles of individual cells called ______

A

Neurons

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14
Q

One component of the CNS

A

Brain

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15
Q

The coated portions of the axon are called _____ cells

A

Schwann

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16
Q

Another word for “motor” neuron

A

Efferent

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17
Q

The voltage inside a neuron at resting potential is approximately ______

A

-70 mV

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18
Q

Axon _____ are at the end of the axon

A

Terminals

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19
Q

The three protective membranes around the spinal cord

A

Meninges

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20
Q

The space between the axon ends of one nerve cell and the dendrites of a neighbouring cell

A

Synapse

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21
Q

The portion of the nervous system which produces the “fight” or “flight” response

A

Sympathetic

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22
Q

The nodes of ______ are breaks between myelinated sections of the axon

A

Ranvier

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23
Q

The portion of the cerebrum responsible for thinking

A

Frontal

24
Q

The portion of the cerebrum responsible for vision

A

Occipital

25
Q

A chemical that is released to transmit a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to the next

A

Neurotransmitter

26
Q

The portion of the nervous system which is “involuntary” (not under your conscious control)

A

Autonomic

27
Q

After an action potential, sodium and potassium are returned to their resting potential state by a process of _______

A

Active transport

28
Q

The central part of the neuron, where most activities related to the maintenance of the cell occur

A

Cell body

29
Q

______ transmitters make the post synaptic membrane more permeable to Na+ and therefore more likely to produce an action potential

A

Excitatory

30
Q

The stage of action potential where sodium ions begin to move into the cell

A

Depolarization

31
Q

A neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nervous system to induce the fight or flight response

A

Noradrenaline

32
Q

______ neurons carry nerve impulses AWAY from the CNS

A

Motor

33
Q

A type of neuron found only in the CNS

A

Interneuron

34
Q

The portion of the cerebrum responsible for understanding speech

A

Parietal

35
Q

The portion of the nervous system which puts you into a more relaxed state

A

Parasympathetic

36
Q

The stage of action potential where potassium ions begin to move out of the cell

A

Repolarization

37
Q

The name given to the “nerve impulse” that passes along a neuron

A

Action potential

38
Q

The _____ nervous system contains all the nerves that effect the skeletal muscles and sensory organs

A

Somatic

39
Q

Portion of the nervous system that is not the CNS

A

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

40
Q

The portion of the brain that receives all information from the senses (except for smell)

A

Thalamus

41
Q

An involuntary response which bypasses the brain

A

Reflex

42
Q

A substance which coats the axons of nerve cells

A

Myelin

43
Q

The part of the brain responsible for conscious thought

A

Cerebrum

44
Q

The “master gland”

A

Pituitary

45
Q

_______ transmission occurs because of the myelinated nature of the axon

A

Saltatory

46
Q

These substances break down neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft after their release

A

Enzymes

47
Q

The part of the brain responsible for balance

A

Cerebellum

48
Q

A horizontal section that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain

A

Corpus callosum

49
Q

_______ transmitters make the post synaptic membrane less permeable to Na+ and therefore less likely to produce an action potential

A

Inhibitory

50
Q

A component of the CNS

A

Spinal cord

51
Q

The lobe of the cerebrum responsible for hearing and smelling

A

Temporal

52
Q

_____ matter in the spinal cord contains mostly cell bodies

A

Gray

53
Q

_____ matter in the spinal cord contains bundles of myelinated axons

A

White

54
Q

There are 31 pairs of ______ nerves

A

Spinal

55
Q

The sodium / potassium pump requires the energy molecule ____

A

ATP

biology 12 (7 decks)

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