circulatory system Flashcards
One of the layers found in arteries which allows them to constrict or dilate to modify blood pressure
Smooth muscle
Larger blood vessels which carry blood back to the heart
Veins
The main part of the heart (mostly composed of muscle)
Myocardium
The chamber of the heart which receives blood from the rest of the body
Right atrium
Smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arterioles
The ________ receives blood returning from the lungs
Left atrium
Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
The sound made by the heart valves during atrial contraction
Lub
Oxygenated blood is found on the _____ side of the heart
Left
Contractions in these muscles helps to push blood through the veins and back to the heart
Skeletal
The _____ node receives a signal from the SA node and initiates ventricular contraction
AV
The heart is able to beat without the control of the brain - therefore, heartbeat is said to be ______
Intrinsic
Relaxation of the heart muscle - lowest arterial blood pressure
Diastole
The largest artery in the body
Aorta
A membrane which surrounds the heart
Pericardium
Smaller blood vessels which carry blood back to the heart
Venules
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the ______
Lungs
_______ circulation occurs on the right side of the heart
Pulmonary
The hepatic ______ vein takes blood from the small intestines to the liver
Portal
The ______ vena cava returns blood from the parts of the body that are below the heart
Inferior
The percentage of blood in the arteries at any one time
20%
The most muscular of the heart chambers
Left ventricle
The ______ arteries and veins take blood to and from the kidneys
Renal
The right ______ valve separates the right atrium and ventricle
Atrioventricular (Tricuspid Valve)
_______ circulation occurs on the left side of the heart
Systemic
These veins return blood from the head
Jugular
The pulmonary ______ valve prevents the back flow of blood as the right ventricle contracts to pump blood to the lungs
Semilunar
_______ pressure is created by the presence of salts and plasma proteins found in the blood
Osmotic
The ______ artery takes blood from the heart to the small intestine
Mesentery
The _____ node is known as the pacemaker, as it initiates the heartbeat
SA
The expansion of the blood pressure during systole
Pulse
Substances tend to move into the cells on the ________ side of the capillaries
Arterial
The number of layers of tissue in arteries
3
A device used for measuring blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
_______ is lowest in the venules and veins
Blood pressure
The type of muscle found in the heart
Cardiac
The ______ arteries carry blood to the head
Carotid
Substances tend to move out of the cells and into the blood on the ______ side of the capillaries
Venous
Structures in veins which prevent the backflow of blood
Valves
Tiny blood vessels which deliver nutrients to individual cells
Capillaries
The ______ vena cava returns blood from the parts of the body that are above the heart
Superior
Maximum contractions of the ventricles - highest blood pressure
Systole
The wall which divides the two sides of the heart
Septum
These arteries and veins take blood to and from the arms
Subclavian
Another name for the left atrioventricular valve
Bicuspid
The _______ arteries take blood to the heart
Coronary
______ is affected by stress, oxygen levels, exercise, and blood pressure
Heart rate
Total cross sectional area of the blood vessels is highest in the ______ beds
Capillary
The _____ fibres carry the electrical signal down to the ventricles to initiate contraction
Purkinje
The aorta divides into the _____ arteries in the pelvic region
Iliac
These muscles can contract to stop the blood flow to capillary beds in certain areas of the body
Sphincter
Capillaries are only ______ cell layer thick in order to allow the most efficient transport of materials across their walls
One
The aortic _____ is where blood first leaves the left ventricle
Arch
One of the layers found in the arteries which allows them to “stretch” during a pulse
Elastin
Capillaries connect the ______ to ________
Arterioles to venules
Which muscle do blood vessels contain?
Smooth muscle
