cell membrane & transport

Question 1

the ______ ________ model is used to describe the structure of the cell membrane

Answer 1

fluid mosaic

Question 2

a form of endocytosis where smaller substances are brought into the cell by forming vesicles at the cell membrane

Answer 2

pinocytosis

Question 3

______ transport via proteins requires no energy

Answer 3

facilitated

Question 4

the _____ gland requires the active transport of iodine out of the blood and into its cells

Answer 4

thyroid

Question 5

a membrane is said to be _____ permeable if it lets some things pass through it, but does not allow other things to pass

Answer 5

selectively

Question 6

the movement of a vacuole out of the cell

Answer 6

exocytosis

Question 7

a homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved into another

Answer 7

solution

Question 8

a type of endocytosis where larger substances are brought into the cell by forming vacuoles at the cell membrane

Answer 8

phagocytosis

Question 9

receptor-_____ endocytosis occurs when a substance binds to a receptor protein and causes another substance to be taken into the cell via vesicle formation

Answer 9

mediated

Question 10

if a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, ______ may occur

Answer 10

plasmolysis

Question 11

if an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, ______ may occur

Answer 11

crenation

Question 12

when an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, ______ may occur

Answer 12

lysis

Question 13

the sodium / potassium pump is found in large numbers in these kind of cells

Answer 13

nerve and muscle cells

Question 14

carrier proteins are _______, meaning they only carry one type of particle

Answer 14

specific

Question 15

refers to a solution that is less concentrated when compared to another solution

Answer 15

hypotonic

Question 16

the substance that does the dissolving in a solution

Answer 16

solvent

Question 17

_______ sized molecules tend to produce a higher rate diffusion

Answer 17

smaller

Question 18

_______ proteins catalyze chemical reactions on the cell membrane

Answer 18

enzymatic

Question 19

_______ proteins cause a change to the cell membrane when a specifically shaped molecule binds its binding site

Answer 19

receptor

Question 20

the diffusion rate can be increased by raising the _________, which in turn increases the speed at which particles are moving

Answer 20

temperature

Question 21

active transport is able to move molecules ______ the concentration gradient

Answer 21

against

Question 22

when solutions on either side of a membrane are the same concentration, there is ______ net movement of water or solute across the membrane

Answer 22

no

Question 23

turgor pressure is important to plant cells because as their cells start to lose turgor pressure the plant will start to

Answer 23

wilt

Question 24

the substance that is being dissolved in a solution

Answer 24

solute

Question 25

a ______ protein uses ATP to change shape to move molecules across the cell membrane

Answer 25

carrier

Question 26

this is a special type of diffusion where water is the substance that is moving

Answer 26

osmosis

Question 27

"water fearing" - molecules which do not mix well with charged or polar molecules

Answer 27

hydrophobic

Question 28

refers to a solution that is the same concentration when compared to another solution

Answer 28

isotonic

Question 29

a _______ protein only passes part way through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane

Answer 29

peripheral

Question 30

this type of protein transport requires ATP as an energy source

Answer 30

active

Question 31

a carbohydrate chain attached to a lipid molecule in the cell membrane

Answer 31

glycolipid

Question 32

"water loving" - molecules which mix well with charged or polar molecules

Answer 32

hydrophilic

Question 33

the rate of diffusion can be increased by increasing the ________ gradient

Answer 33

concentration

Question 34

this occurs when there is a concentration gradient across a membrane and only water is able to pass through the membrane

Answer 34

osmotic pressure

Question 35

a cell ________ protein has glycoproteins attached to it which are unique to each organism and aid in immune system research

Answer 35

recognition

Question 36

this molecule is the energy currency of the cell

Answer 36

ATP

Question 37

movement of molecules along a concentration gradient

Answer 37

diffusion

Question 38

a carbohydrate chain attached to a protein in the cell membrane

Answer 38

glycoprotein

Question 39

the movement of a vacuole into the cell

Answer 39

endocytosis

Question 40

an ______ protein passes all the way through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane

Answer 40

integral

Question 41

refers to a solution that is more concentrated when compared to another solution

Answer 41

hypertonic

Question 42

when movement of molecules does not require additional energy input, it is called ______

Answer 42

passive

Question 43

if a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, an increase in _____ pressure will develop

Answer 43

turgor

Question 44

a ______ protein allows a particular ion or molecule to pass through it with the concentration gradient and without the use of ATP

Answer 44

channel

Question 45

can carrier proteins go against the concentration gradient?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

can channel proteins go against the concentration gradient?

Answer 46

no

Question 47

what is the purpose of a glycoprotein?

Answer 47

they are used for signalling, allowing a cell to recognize another cell

Question 48

which substances can easily pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 48

non-charged substances such as CO2, O2, as well as steroids and alcohol

Question 49

which substances need channel proteins to pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 49

charged molecules such as Na+, K+, sugars, amino acids

Question 50

which cells need a vesicle to pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 50

big molecules such as proteins or viruses

Question 51

why does diffusion happen?

Answer 51

because of the movement of molecules, particles move randomly from place to place, always moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 52

what factors can increase the rate of diffusion?

Answer 52

increasing the temperature (it increases the kinetic energy), increasing the concentration gradient, or decreasing the size of the diffusing molecules

Question 53

what produces ATP?

Answer 53

the mitochondria

Question 54

Why can only some molecules pass through the dialysis tubing?

Answer 54

it has a semipermeable membrane. small molecules like iodine, glucose, and water are able to pass through, where as starch cannot.

Question 55

what molecules are moved by facilitated transport?

Answer 55

lipid-insoluble molecules such as glucose and amino acids, also charged molecules like Na+ and K+

Question 56

what is the job of the cell membrane

Answer 56

- it separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment - it regulates what enters and exits the cell - helps the cell maintain homeostasis

Question 57

what do glycolipids and glycoproteins do?

Answer 57

they play an important role in cellular identification

Question 58

how does your body recognize it's own cells

Answer 58

from cell recognition proteins, such as glycoproteins. This is often why your body rejects organ transplants

Question 59

what is an example of the job of a receptor protein?

Answer 59

the liver stores glucose after it is signalled to do so by insulin

Question 60

after a solution reaches equilibrium, do the molecules continue moving?

Answer 60

yes, they are still moving but there's no net movement

Question 61

what does the sodium-potassium pump do?

Answer 61

it carries sodium ions to the outside of the cell and potassium ions to the inside of the cell

Question 62

what is exocytosis important for?

Answer 62

secretion and excretion in cells