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biology 12 > cell membrane & transport > Flashcards

cell membrane & transport Flashcards

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1
Q

the ______ ________ model is used to describe the structure of the cell membrane

A

fluid mosaic

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2
Q

a form of endocytosis where smaller substances are brought into the cell by forming vesicles at the cell membrane

A

pinocytosis

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3
Q

______ transport via proteins requires no energy

A

facilitated

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4
Q

the _____ gland requires the active transport of iodine out of the blood and into its cells

A

thyroid

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5
Q

a membrane is said to be _____ permeable if it lets some things pass through it, but does not allow other things to pass

A

selectively

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6
Q

the movement of a vacuole out of the cell

A

exocytosis

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7
Q

a homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved into another

A

solution

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8
Q

a type of endocytosis where larger substances are brought into the cell by forming vacuoles at the cell membrane

A

phagocytosis

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9
Q

receptor-_____ endocytosis occurs when a substance binds to a receptor protein and causes another substance to be taken into the cell via vesicle formation

A

mediated

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10
Q

if a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, ______ may occur

A

plasmolysis

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11
Q

if an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, ______ may occur

A

crenation

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12
Q

when an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, ______ may occur

A

lysis

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13
Q

the sodium / potassium pump is found in large numbers in these kind of cells

A

nerve and muscle cells

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14
Q

carrier proteins are _______, meaning they only carry one type of particle

A

specific

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15
Q

refers to a solution that is less concentrated when compared to another solution

A

hypotonic

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16
Q

the substance that does the dissolving in a solution

A

solvent

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17
Q

_______ sized molecules tend to produce a higher rate diffusion

A

smaller

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18
Q

_______ proteins catalyze chemical reactions on the cell membrane

A

enzymatic

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19
Q

_______ proteins cause a change to the cell membrane when a specifically shaped molecule binds its binding site

A

receptor

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20
Q

the diffusion rate can be increased by raising the _________, which in turn increases the speed at which particles are moving

A

temperature

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21
Q

active transport is able to move molecules ______ the concentration gradient

A

against

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22
Q

when solutions on either side of a membrane are the same concentration, there is ______ net movement of water or solute across the membrane

A

no

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23
Q

turgor pressure is important to plant cells because as their cells start to lose turgor pressure the plant will start to

A

wilt

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24
Q

the substance that is being dissolved in a solution

A

solute

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25
Q

a ______ protein uses ATP to change shape to move molecules across the cell membrane

A

carrier

26
Q

this is a special type of diffusion where water is the substance that is moving

A

osmosis

27
Q

“water fearing” - molecules which do not mix well with charged or polar molecules

A

hydrophobic

28
Q

refers to a solution that is the same concentration when compared to another solution

A

isotonic

29
Q

a _______ protein only passes part way through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane

A

peripheral

30
Q

this type of protein transport requires ATP as an energy source

A

active

31
Q

a carbohydrate chain attached to a lipid molecule in the cell membrane

A

glycolipid

32
Q

“water loving” - molecules which mix well with charged or polar molecules

A

hydrophilic

33
Q

the rate of diffusion can be increased by increasing the ________ gradient

A

concentration

34
Q

this occurs when there is a concentration gradient across a membrane and only water is able to pass through the membrane

A

osmotic pressure

35
Q

a cell ________ protein has glycoproteins attached to it which are unique to each organism and aid in immune system research

A

recognition

36
Q

this molecule is the energy currency of the cell

A

ATP

37
Q

movement of molecules along a concentration gradient

A

diffusion

38
Q

a carbohydrate chain attached to a protein in the cell membrane

A

glycoprotein

39
Q

the movement of a vacuole into the cell

A

endocytosis

40
Q

an ______ protein passes all the way through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane

A

integral

41
Q

refers to a solution that is more concentrated when compared to another solution

A

hypertonic

42
Q

when movement of molecules does not require additional energy input, it is called ______

A

passive

43
Q

if a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, an increase in _____ pressure will develop

A

turgor

44
Q

a ______ protein allows a particular ion or molecule to pass through it with the concentration gradient and without the use of ATP

A

channel

45
Q

can carrier proteins go against the concentration gradient?

A

yes

46
Q

can channel proteins go against the concentration gradient?

A

no

47
Q

what is the purpose of a glycoprotein?

A

they are used for signalling, allowing a cell to recognize another cell

48
Q

which substances can easily pass through the cell membrane?

A

non-charged substances such as CO2, O2, as well as steroids and alcohol

49
Q

which substances need channel proteins to pass through the cell membrane?

A

charged molecules such as Na+, K+, sugars, amino acids

50
Q

which cells need a vesicle to pass through the cell membrane?

A

big molecules such as proteins or viruses

51
Q

why does diffusion happen?

A

because of the movement of molecules, particles move randomly from place to place, always moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

52
Q

what factors can increase the rate of diffusion?

A

increasing the temperature (it increases the kinetic energy), increasing the concentration gradient, or decreasing the size of the diffusing molecules

53
Q

what produces ATP?

A

the mitochondria

54
Q

Why can only some molecules pass through the dialysis tubing?

A

it has a semipermeable membrane. small molecules like iodine, glucose, and water are able to pass through, where as starch cannot.

55
Q

what molecules are moved by facilitated transport?

A

lipid-insoluble molecules such as glucose and amino acids, also charged molecules like Na+ and K+

56
Q

what is the job of the cell membrane

A
  • it separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment
  • it regulates what enters and exits the cell
  • helps the cell maintain homeostasis
57
Q

what do glycolipids and glycoproteins do?

A

they play an important role in cellular identification

58
Q

how does your body recognize it’s own cells

A

from cell recognition proteins, such as glycoproteins. This is often why your body rejects organ transplants

59
Q

what is an example of the job of a receptor protein?

A

the liver stores glucose after it is signalled to do so by insulin

60
Q

after a solution reaches equilibrium, do the molecules continue moving?

A

yes, they are still moving but there’s no net movement

61
Q

what does the sodium-potassium pump do?

A

it carries sodium ions to the outside of the cell and potassium ions to the inside of the cell

62
Q

what is exocytosis important for?

A

secretion and excretion in cells

biology 12 (7 decks)

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