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biology 12 > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the nervous system is responsible for__________ and ________

A

co ordination of movement and response to environmental stimuli

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2
Q

what are neurons

A

nerve cells that specialize to carry nerve impulses

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3
Q

two major divisions of the nervous system

A

central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

central nervous system

A

includes brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

rest of the nervous system

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6
Q

parts of a neuron

dendrites

A

they have lots of surface area to pick up never impulses and conduct the impulse towards the cell body

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7
Q

cell body

A

metabolic center of the cell

metabolic reactions happen here
such as cellular respiration and protein synthesis

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8
Q

axon

A

away

conducts nerve impulses AWAY from the cell body

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9
Q

myelin sheath

A

made of lipids

wraps around the axon and cell body to insulate it

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10
Q

schwann cell

A

produces the myelin sheath

has tightly packed spirals of cell membrane that form layers of the myelin

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11
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in the myelin
axon is not insulated here
allows more rapid nerve conduction along axon

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12
Q

axon terminals or synaptic endings

A

end of the axon

vesicles containing neurotransmitters are located here

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13
Q

three types of neurons

A

sensory
motor
interneuron

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14
Q

sensory neuron

A

adifferent neuron

takes a message from a sense organ to the CNS has LONG dendrites and SHORT axon

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15
Q

motor neuron

A

edifferent neuron
takes message away from the CNS to a muscle fiber or gland
SHORT dendrites and LONG axon

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16
Q

interneuron

A

association neuron or connector neuron
completely contained within CNS
conveys “messages” between parts of the system
dendrites and axon can be long or short

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17
Q

parts of the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain

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18
Q

A neurotransmitter released in response to the parasympathetic nervous system

puts you in a relaxed state

A

Acetylcholine

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19
Q

the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata

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20
Q

The portion of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the body

A

hypothalamus

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21
Q

The dorsal root looks different than the ventral room due to the presence of an enlargement called the dorsal root _________

A

ganglion

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22
Q

the void running down the centre of the spinal cord

A

central canal

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23
Q

The dorsal root conducts nerve impulses _______ the spinal cord

A

towards

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24
Q

Shorter branches of a neuron which receive nerve impulses

A

dendrites

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25
Q

the _________ period Occurs when sodium and potassium ions are being returned to the resting potential consentration

A

refractory

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26
Q

during resting potential, __________ is the most common ion inside the cell

A

potassium

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27
Q

synaptic _______ Contain the neurotransmitters within the axon ends

A

vesicles

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28
Q

during resting potential, _______ Is the most common ion outside of the cell

A

sodium

29
Q

The ventral root conducts nerve impulses ________from the spinal cord

A

away

30
Q

Another word for sensory neuron

A

afferent neuron

31
Q

Nerves are a bundles of individual cells called ________

A

neurons

32
Q

One component of the central nervous system

A

the brain

33
Q

The coded portions of the axon are called ______ cells

A

SCHWANN

34
Q

Another word for motor neuron

A

efferent

35
Q

The voltage inside a neuron at resting point is approximately _______

A

-70 m/V

36
Q

axon _______ are at the end of the axon

A

terminals

37
Q

The three protective membrane surrounding the spinal cord?

A

meninges

38
Q

The space between the axon ends of wonder if cell and the dendrites of a neighbouring cell

A

synapse

39
Q

The portion of the nervous system which produces the “fight or flight” response

A

sympathetic

40
Q

The nodes of _______ are breaks between myelinated sections of the axon

A

ranvier

41
Q

Portion of the cerebrum responsible for thinking

A

frontal

42
Q

A portion of the cerebrum responsible for vision

A

occipital

43
Q

A chemical that is released to transmit a nerve response from one cell to the next

A

Neurotransmitter

44
Q

portion portion of the nervous system which is involuntary (not under your conscious control)

A

AUTONOMIC

45
Q

after an action potential, sodium and potassium are returned to the resting potential state by the process of _________ __________

A

refractory period

46
Q

The central part of the neuron were most activities related to the maintenance of the cell occur

A

cell body

47
Q

The stage of action potential were sodium ions begin to move into the cell

A

Repolarization

48
Q

A neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nervous system to induce fight or flight response

A

Noradrenaline

49
Q

_______ neurons carry nerve impulses away from the central nervous system

A

MOTOR

50
Q

A type of neuron only found in the central nervous system

A

Interneuron

51
Q

The portion of the cerebrum responsible for understanding speech

A

temoral

52
Q

A portion of the nervous system which puts you into a more relaxed state

A

Parasympathetic

53
Q

The stage of action potential were potassium ions begin to move out of the cell

A

Repolarization

54
Q

a name given to the nerve impulse to pass it along a neuron

A

Action potential

55
Q

the ______ Nervous system contains all the nerves that affect the skeletal muscles and sensory organs

A

Somatic

56
Q

The portion of the nervous system that is not the CNS

A

PNS

57
Q

An involuntary response which bypasses the brain

A

reflex

58
Q

A substance which coats the axon of nerve cells

A

meylin

59
Q

The part of the brain responsible for conscious thought

A

Cerebrum

60
Q

The master gland

A

Pituitary gland

61
Q

____________ Transmission occurs because of the myelinated nature of the axon

A

saltatoty

62
Q

The part of the brain responsible for balance

A

Cerebellum

63
Q

Component of the central nervous system

A

spinal cord

64
Q

The love of the cerebrum responsible for hearing and smelling

A

temoral

65
Q

_____ matter In the spinal cord contains mostly cell bodies

A

GRAY

66
Q

______ Matter in the spinal cord contains bundles of myelinated axons

A

WHITE

67
Q

there are 31 pairs of ______ nerves

A

spinal

68
Q

The sodium potassium pump requires the energy molecule ___

A

ATP

biology 12 (8 decks)

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