enzymes

Question 1

________glands secrete hormones directly into the blood

Answer 1

endocrine

Question 2

A factor affecting the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 2

temperature

Question 3

_______ glands secrete hormones

Answer 3

exocrine

Question 4

The model that considers the substrate an active site to be a perfect fit for each other

Answer 4

Lock and key

Question 5

This enlargement of throat can occur due to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

Answer 5

goiter

Question 6

Maintaining the internal environment of the body at equilibrium

Answer 6

homeostasis

Question 7

insulin is an example of a _____ hormone

Answer 7

peptide

Question 8

every enzyme has an optimal __ At which it works in the body and exact value of this will depend on where in the body that enzyme is functioning values too far above or below optimal will result in the denaturation of the enzyme

Answer 8

PH

Question 9

Organic but non-pro Tien cofactors are often derived from these substances

Answer 9

vitamins

Question 10

in order for your body to cool blood vessels near the surface of your skin will?

Answer 10

dialate

Question 11

all the enzyme names and in this suffix

Answer 11

ASE

Question 12

Components of the body which detect light

Answer 12

Photo receptors

Question 13

increasing this factor will increase the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 13

Surface Area

Question 14

The protein portion of an enzyme is called the

Answer 14

apoenzyme

Question 15

all of the body’s and sensory receptors are connected to the _________system

Answer 15

Nervous

Question 16

The portion of an enzyme that binds with the substrate

Answer 16

Active site

Question 17

cofactors can belong to this group of substances

Answer 17

metals

Question 18

Components of the body which detect chemical changes

Answer 18

Chemo receptors

Question 19

a _________ Increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

Answer 19

catalyst

Question 20

when the product of an enzyme catalyzed reaction binds to the __________Site on the enzyme, it can cause a change to the shape of the active site and caused the enzyme to become temporarily un active

Answer 20

allosteric

Question 21

This word is what happens to a protein when the shape is changed by being exposed to heat or certain chemicals

Answer 21

denature

Question 22

________ ________ Like mercury can lead to cause dénaturation Of enzymes

Answer 22

Heavy metals

Question 23

_______ Are chemical messengers which helps cells communicate with each other

Answer 23

Hormones

Question 24

A organic but non-pro Tien substrate (example vitamin) which plays a role in forming a functioning enzyme

Answer 24

coenzyme

Question 25

This word refers to the combination of all the chemical reactions that are occurring within an organism

Answer 25

Metabolism

Question 26

Components of the body which detect changes and blood pressure

Answer 26

Baroreceptors or pressure receptors

Question 27

the negative feedback _______ Occurs when the increase in the product of an enzyme catalyzed reaction because the rate of that reaction to slow by inhibiting that associated enzyme

Answer 27

Inhibition

Question 28

The idea that the active site modifies its shape as it forms a enzyme substrate complex

Answer 28

Induced fit

Question 29

The receptors for regulating body temperature are located in this part of the brain

Answer 29

hypothalamus

Question 30

The enzyme maltase to decomposes the sugar _______?

Answer 30

maltose

Question 31

the _________ Energy is the amount of energy that is required to get a chemical reaction started

Answer 31

Activation

Question 32

a solution with a higher __________ Will provide a faster reaction rate than a solution with one that is lower

Answer 32

Consentration

Question 33

_______ Feedback systems are very rare and humans but are present in situations like childbirth

Answer 33

positive

Question 34

enzyme activity can be reduced when temperatures become too ______ This situation can be reversed

Answer 34

COLD

Question 35

This enzyme catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Answer 35

Catalase

Question 36

This element is required for the production of thyroxin

Answer 36

iodine

Question 37

If your body temperature drops below normal your brain me direct your body to start involuntary muscle contractions which makes you start to _______

Answer 37

shiver

Question 38

blood pressure, blood pH, and blood glucose levels are all part of ________ Feedback systems were the correction of the level which is out of range leads to a slowing or seizing of the correct of measure

Answer 38

negative

Question 39

In order to function properly enzymes require additional substances called ______ Which are typically in organic ions or metals

Answer 39

cofactors

Question 40

Components of the body which detect temperature changes

Answer 40

Thermoreceptors

Question 41

the term metabolic _____ refers to a sequence Of enzyme catalyzed reaction’s which are all linked to each other

Answer 41

pathway

Question 42

metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone thyroxin which is produced in the______ gland

Answer 42

thyroid

Question 43

A word used to describe the substance which will combine with the active site of an enzyme during a reaction

Answer 43

Substrate

Question 44

Enzymes are said to be ______ Because each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction

Answer 44

specific

Question 45

In an enzyme catalyzed reaction reaction rate will continue to increase with the addition of more substrate until all the enzyme active sites are _______\\\\ The addition of more substrates be on this point will result in no increase of reaction rate

Answer 45

saturated

Question 46

Lipid based hormones are composed of

Answer 46

steroids

Question 47

A biological catalyst is called an

Answer 47

enzyme

Question 48

Factors affecting chemical reactions

Answer 48

Temperature surface area concentration use of a catalyst

Question 49

What is a Catalyst

Answer 49

Catalysts work to speed up Chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 50

Catalyst are ____ used up during a chemical reaction

Answer 50

not

Question 51

Examples of catalysts

Answer 51

Potassium iodide and manganèse oxide

Question 52

temperature increases the _______ | Energy of the molecules there by speeding up the number of successful collisions between reactants

Answer 52

kinetic

Question 53

Why can you not add heat to cell’s to start chemical reactions

Answer 53

because the temperature well can get too high and proteins get denatured it is too inconvenient to add heat to your body every time a chemical reaction is occurring

Question 54

A non-catalyzed with no enzyme reaction has a ________ rate of reaction

Answer 54

slower

Question 55

catalyzed and with enzyme has a ________ reaction rate

Answer 55

faster

Question 56

I’ll enzymes have an ending of?

Answer 56

ASE

Question 57

When naming an enzyme the name usually indicates the _____The enzyme works on

Answer 57

substrate

Question 58

``` enzyme substrate sucrase lipase helicase peptidase ATPase ```

Answer 58

lipids or fats DNA polypeptides proteins ATP

Question 59

What are cofactors

Answer 59

Cofactors include metals such as copper zinc ion magnesium | they are organic and non-proteins they have vitamin components

Question 60

what is a apoenzyme

Answer 60

a protein

Question 61

holoenzyme

Answer 61

functional enzyme

Question 62

What is the difference between a catalyst in an enzyme

Answer 62

A catalyst is a big group of things that speed up reaction rate An enzyme is a type of catalyst made of protein in biological organisms

Question 63

_______+________=________

Answer 63

Apoenzyme+cofactor=holoenzyme

Question 64

Where are positive systems found

Answer 64

When breast-feeding and giving birth

Question 65

What are the specific hormones that happen in positive feedback systems such as birth giving and breast-feeding

Answer 65

they secrete the hormone oxytocin

Question 66

If one enzyme doesn’t work in a metabolic pathway what wouldn’t be made

Answer 66

What would it be made would be the rest of the reaction after the denatured enzyme

Question 67

What does cyanide effect

Answer 67

It affects the molecule ATP in the mitochondria

Question 68

What are enzymes made of and how are they made

Answer 68

Enzymes are made of proteins they are made from a chain of amino acids that fold into a unique shape

Question 69

What is homeostasis and why is it important

Answer 69

Homeostasis is the maintenance of equilibrium of the body’s internal environment in the face of changing conditions It is important to keep a constant environment for your body

Question 70

What is the allosteric site and what does it do

Answer 70

it temporarily shuts down the enzyme to control the amount of product being produced And allosteric say it is non-active and can cause a change to the tertiary shape of the enzymes active site

Question 71

What can cause enzymes to be | denatured

Answer 71

Temperature to hot PH high or low and heavy metals

Question 72

Primary structure

Answer 72

The order or sequence in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain there are 20 different amino acids that can be used usually in a single line

Question 73

Secondary structure

Answer 73

The twisting of a primary structure into a he likes or a banded into a pleated sheet

Question 74

Tertiary structure

Answer 74

A complex folding of the secondary structure into a 3-D or globular shape this is a functional shape of the protein

Question 75

Quaternary structure

Answer 75

Two or more tertiary proteins bound together in a globular mass

Question 76

Enzymes only work when

Answer 76

They have the correct shape

Question 77

What are endocrine glands

Answer 77

They are glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood

Question 78

What are exocrine glands

Answer 78

they are glands that secrete their hormones into the ducts

Question 79

what permanently binds to an enzyme

Answer 79

Poison

Question 80

Enzymes are very _______

Answer 80

specific

Question 81

What are all the receptors called

Answer 81

Chemo receptors photo receptors mechanoreceptors stretch receptors baro receptors thermoreceptors

Question 82

What are peptide hormones

Answer 82

Peptide hormones bind to a specific receptor proteins in the plasma membrane examples of peptide hormones oxytocin insulin and glucagon and thyroxin

Question 83

What are steroid hormones

Answer 83

After passing through the receptor membrane a steroid hormone binds to the receptor proteins inside the nucleus the hormone receptor complex than buns to the DNA this leads to the activation of certain genes and proteins synthesis

Question 84

The metabolic rate needs what two things

Answer 84

Oxygen and glucose

Question 85

Optimum temperatures for enzymes in the core of the body would be what temperature

Answer 85

37 °

Question 86

What tells the thyroid gland to make thyroxin

Answer 86

The hypothalamus specifically the pituitary gland

Question 87

What do inhibitors do

Answer 87

They slow down the reactions By attaching to the active site

Question 88

What are symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 88

Constant fatigue lack of energy weight gain or obesity decrease in body temperature loss of hair slower pulse rate thickness and puffiness of the skin a goiter can occur and can also result in cretinism in infancy or early childhood

Question 89

Symptoms of hyper thyroidism

Answer 89

Hyperactivity nervousness irritability insomnia and weight loss also a goiter

Question 90

jWhy is the thyroid gland important

Answer 90

The thyroid gland is located in the neck in the front of the trachea the thyroid gland produces a peptide hormone called thyroxin which affects our body cells it increases the rate of cellular respiration and that’s one’s metabolic rate