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biology 12 > Cell membrane > Flashcards

Cell membrane Flashcards

1
Q

the _____ ________ model is used to describe the structure of the cell membrane

A

fluid mosaic

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2
Q

A form of endocytosis with a smaller substances are brought into the cell by forming vesicles at the cell membrane

A

Pinocytosis

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3
Q

_______ Transport via proteins requires no energy input

A

facilitated

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4
Q

the ______ gland Requires the active transport of iodine out of the blood and into it cells

A

thyroid

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5
Q

a membrane is said to be _________ Permeable if it lets somethings pass through it but does not allow other things to pass

A

Selectively

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6
Q

The movement of a vacuole out of the cell

A

exocytosis

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7
Q

A homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved into another

A

solution

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8
Q

A type of endocytosis where larger substances are brought into the cell by forming vacuoles at the cell membrane

A

phagocytosis

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9
Q

diffusion is the movement of molecules from the area of ________ consentration to the area of _______ consentration

A

greater, lesser

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10
Q

osmosis is the movement of _____ across a selectively permeable membrane

A

water

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11
Q

a cell is isotonic to a solution of 0.01% sugar

what consentration would be hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic

A

> 0.01%

<0.01%

=0.01%

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12
Q

what happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution

A

it swells and bursts

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13
Q

what happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?

A

it looses water and shrivels

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14
Q

what happens to an animal cell in an isotonic solution

A

no change occurs

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15
Q

turgor pressure occurs in plant cells that are in a?

A

hypotonic solution

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16
Q

the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and the capillaries of the lungs is an example of?

A

diffusion

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17
Q

Chloride ions moving in or out of a cell with the concentration gradient is an example of

A

facilitated transport

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18
Q

The concentrating of iodine within the thyroid gland is an example of

A

active transport

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19
Q

The protein hormone insulin being released from cells of the pancreas is an example of

A

bulk transport

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20
Q

which processes use ATP

A

active transport and bulk transport

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21
Q

Which processes require a channel/carrier protein in the cell membrane?

A

facilitated transport and active transport

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22
Q

Which processes move only in the direction of the concentration gradient?

A

diffusion and facilitated transport

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23
Q

Red blood cells neither gain nor lose water when put into 0.9% NaCl.

a) What term would you use to describe the tonicity of 0.9% NaCl for Red blood cells?

A

isotonic

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24
Q

A small lipid molecule passes easily through the cell membrane. Which of these statements is the most likely explanation?

a protein carrier must be at work
Correct

the cell membrane is partly composed of lipid molecules

the cell is expending energy to do this

phagocytosis has enclosed this molecule in a vacuole

A

the cell membrane is partly composed of lipid molecules

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25
Q

cell drinking is synonymous

A

pinocytosis

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26
Q

If a cell uses active transport to take in salts, then osmosis will follow and water will enter the cell.

true or false

A

TRUE

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27
Q

Which substances would be taken into a cell by phagocytosis?

A

proteins

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28
Q

phospholipid and protein covering of every cell, controls what goes in and out of each cell

A

cell membrane

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29
Q

movement of molecules from region of greater concentration to region of lesser concentration.

A

diffusion

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30
Q

the difference in concentration between two regions

A

consentration gradient

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31
Q

the solid that is dissolved in a solution

A

solute

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32
Q

the liquid that dissolves the solute in a solution

A

solvent

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33
Q

the pressure of water moving across membranes caused by a concentration gradient.

A

osmotic pressure

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34
Q

solution that has same concentration of solute as the cells it surrounds

A

isotonic

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35
Q

Solution that has greater concentration of solute than the cells it surrounds. Will cause cell to shrink.

A

hypertonic

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36
Q

1 / 1 point
Vocabulary:

Solution that has lesser concentration of solute than the cells it surrounds. Will cause cells to burst.

A

hypotonic

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37
Q

receptor _______ endocytosis occurs when a substance binds to the receptor proteins and causes another substance to be taken into the cell via vesicle formation

A

mediated

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38
Q

if a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution_______ may occur

A

plasmolysis

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39
Q

if an animal cells placed in a hypertonic solution_______ may occur

A

crenation

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40
Q

when an animal cells placed in a hypotonic solution_________ may occur

A

Lysis

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41
Q

The sodium potassium pump is found in a large number of these kind of cells

A

NERVE!!

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42
Q

Carrier proteins are ______ meaning they only carry one type of particle

A

specific

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43
Q

refers to a solution that is less concentrated and when compared to another solution

A

hypotonic

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44
Q

The substance that does the dissolving in a solution

A

solvent

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45
Q

________ Sized molecules tend to produce a higher rate of diffusion

A

smaller

46
Q

_________ Proteins catalyze chemical reactions on the cell membrane

A

enzymatic

47
Q

_______ Proteins can cause a change to the cell membrane when I specifically shaped molecule binds it’s binding site

A

receptor

48
Q

The diffusion rate can be increased by raising the_________, Which in turn increases the speed at which particles are moving

A

temperature

49
Q

Active transport is able to move molecules______ the consentration gradient

A

against

50
Q

when solutions on either side of a membrane are the same concentration there is ____ net movement of water or solute across the membrane

A

NO

51
Q

turgor pressure is important to plant cells because as their cells will start to lose to go to pressure the plant will also start to _____

A

wilt

52
Q

The substance that is being dissolved in a solution?

A

solute

53
Q

a ______ protein uses ATP to change shape to move molecules across the cell

A

carrier

54
Q

This is a special type of diffusion where water is the substance that is moving

A

osmosis

55
Q

Water fearing molecules that do not mix well with charged or polar molecules

A

hydrophobic

56
Q

Refers to a solution that is the same concentration when compared to another solution

A

isotonic

57
Q

A ______ protein only passes partway through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane

A

peripheral

58
Q

This type of protein to export requires ATP as an energy source

A

active

59
Q

A carbohydrate chain attached to a lipid molecule in the cell membrane

A

glycoLIPID

60
Q

Water loving molecules which mix well with charged a polar molecules

A

hydrophilic

61
Q

The rate of diffusion can be increased by increasing the _________ gradient

A

Consentration

62
Q

this occurs when there is a concentration gradient across the membrane and only water is able to pass through the membrane

A

osmotic pressure

63
Q

a cell ________ Protein has a glycoproteins attached to it which are unique to each organism and aid and immune system recognition

A

recognition

64
Q

this molecule is the energy currency of the cell

A

ATP

65
Q

movement of molecules along a concentration gradient

A

Diffusion

66
Q

A carbohydrate chain attached to a protein in the cell membrane

A

glycoPROTEIN

67
Q

The movement of a Valcuole into the cell

A

endocytosis

68
Q

an ______ protein Passes all the way through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane

A

integral

69
Q

Refers to a solution that is more concentrated when compared to another solution

A

hypertonic

70
Q

when movement of a molecule does not require additional energy input it’s called?

A

passive

71
Q

a ______ protein allows a particular ion or molecule to pass-through it with the concentration gradient and without the use of ATP

A

channel

72
Q

How to increase the rate of diffusion

A

increase temperature

increase the consentration gradient

decrease the size of diffusing molecules

73
Q

glycolipid

A

Carbohydrate chain attached to a phospholipid

74
Q

glycoprotein

A

carbohydrate chain attached to a protein

75
Q

cholesterol

A

inside the bilayer

76
Q

5 types of proteins

A

Channel proteins

carrier proteins

cell recognition proteins

receptor proteins

enzymatic protein

77
Q

Channel proteins

A

Tunnels

78
Q

What channel is faulty in cystic fibrosis patients

A

chloride channel

79
Q

Carrier proteins

A

Pump

ATP

80
Q

Cell recognition proteins

A

cells recognize foreign things in the body

81
Q

Receptor proteins

A

examples insulin (liver cell and muscle cells

82
Q

Enzymatic protein

A

Catalyze a specific reaction

involved in ATP metabolism

83
Q

what factors determine whether molecules can enter a membrane

A

Diffusion
transport by carriers

and bulk transport

84
Q

What can enter a membrane using diffusion

A

lipid soluble

molecules water

gases

alcohol

steroids

85
Q

What can enter a membrane by transport by carriers

A

sugars and amino acids and charged ions such as Na+ or K+

86
Q

what can enter a membrane with endocytosis and exocytosis

A

Macromolecules for example proteins, bacteria and viruses

87
Q

With diffusion what happens to the concentration

A

The area of high concentration will move to the area of low concentration

88
Q

Law of diffusion

A

Particles move from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration until equally distributed

89
Q

diffusion is a _____ process

A

passive

90
Q

Special case of diffusion is called?

A

osmosis

91
Q

hypotonic to ____

A

hypertonic

92
Q

Hypertonic solution’s in cells cause

A

plasmolysis

93
Q

Why do the plant cells not burst one put in a hypotonic solution

A

The cell wall is made up of cellulose which has strong beta linkage

94
Q

What are the two parts of transport by carriers

A

Facilitated transport an active transport

95
Q

Facilitated transport

A

uses channel proteins

requires no ATP

96
Q

Active transport

A

Requires ATP
used carrier proteins
molecules can move against the concentration gradient
used in the thyroid gland

97
Q

Endocytosis

A

when the cell membrane forms of vesicle around the substance to be taken in to the cell

used ATP

98
Q

Types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis

pinocytosis

receptor mediated endocytosis

99
Q

phagocytosis

A

Cell eating

100
Q

pinocytosis

A

cell drinking

101
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

A form of pinocytosis in which molecules of substances combined to receptor proteins on the surface of the cell membrane

102
Q

Exocytosis

A

Important in secretion and excretion of cells

exiting the cell membrane

uses ATP

103
Q

Examples of exocytosis in the body

A

digestive enzymes produced by stomach and glands in the small intestine

the hormones insulin and glucagon are released by pancreatic cells through exocytosis when the cells are stimulated by the nervous system

104
Q

Why does diffusion happen

A

Because of the movement of molecules because they’re always moving

105
Q

Where is ATP made

A

The mitochondria

106
Q

What are the two substances that go into ATP

A

O2 and glucose

107
Q

If a graph that shows consentration flattens out what does that mean

A

it has become isotonic

108
Q

if a substance is more concentrated does it lose or gain water

A

looses water

109
Q

On a graph how do you know it is isotonic

A

the zero line

110
Q

What is the job of the cell membrane

A

It provides protection for the cell it transports nutrients into the cell and also transports toxic substances out of the cell

111
Q

How does your body recognize cells

A

When the body senses foreign substances or sells the immune system create a response to get rid of them

biology 12 (8 decks)

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