Cell membrane Flashcards
the _____ ________ model is used to describe the structure of the cell membrane
fluid mosaic
A form of endocytosis with a smaller substances are brought into the cell by forming vesicles at the cell membrane
Pinocytosis
_______ Transport via proteins requires no energy input
facilitated
the ______ gland Requires the active transport of iodine out of the blood and into it cells
thyroid
a membrane is said to be _________ Permeable if it lets somethings pass through it but does not allow other things to pass
Selectively
The movement of a vacuole out of the cell
exocytosis
A homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved into another
solution
A type of endocytosis where larger substances are brought into the cell by forming vacuoles at the cell membrane
phagocytosis
diffusion is the movement of molecules from the area of ________ consentration to the area of _______ consentration
greater, lesser
osmosis is the movement of _____ across a selectively permeable membrane
water
a cell is isotonic to a solution of 0.01% sugar
what consentration would be hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic
> 0.01%
<0.01%
=0.01%
what happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution
it swells and bursts
what happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?
it looses water and shrivels
what happens to an animal cell in an isotonic solution
no change occurs
turgor pressure occurs in plant cells that are in a?
hypotonic solution
the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and the capillaries of the lungs is an example of?
diffusion
Chloride ions moving in or out of a cell with the concentration gradient is an example of
facilitated transport
The concentrating of iodine within the thyroid gland is an example of
active transport
The protein hormone insulin being released from cells of the pancreas is an example of
bulk transport
which processes use ATP
active transport and bulk transport
Which processes require a channel/carrier protein in the cell membrane?
facilitated transport and active transport
Which processes move only in the direction of the concentration gradient?
diffusion and facilitated transport
Red blood cells neither gain nor lose water when put into 0.9% NaCl.
a) What term would you use to describe the tonicity of 0.9% NaCl for Red blood cells?
isotonic
A small lipid molecule passes easily through the cell membrane. Which of these statements is the most likely explanation?
a protein carrier must be at work
Correct
the cell membrane is partly composed of lipid molecules
the cell is expending energy to do this
phagocytosis has enclosed this molecule in a vacuole
the cell membrane is partly composed of lipid molecules
cell drinking is synonymous
pinocytosis
If a cell uses active transport to take in salts, then osmosis will follow and water will enter the cell.
true or false
TRUE
Which substances would be taken into a cell by phagocytosis?
proteins
phospholipid and protein covering of every cell, controls what goes in and out of each cell
cell membrane
movement of molecules from region of greater concentration to region of lesser concentration.
diffusion
the difference in concentration between two regions
consentration gradient
the solid that is dissolved in a solution
solute
the liquid that dissolves the solute in a solution
solvent
the pressure of water moving across membranes caused by a concentration gradient.
osmotic pressure
solution that has same concentration of solute as the cells it surrounds
isotonic
Solution that has greater concentration of solute than the cells it surrounds. Will cause cell to shrink.
hypertonic
1 / 1 point
Vocabulary:
Solution that has lesser concentration of solute than the cells it surrounds. Will cause cells to burst.
hypotonic
receptor _______ endocytosis occurs when a substance binds to the receptor proteins and causes another substance to be taken into the cell via vesicle formation
mediated
if a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution_______ may occur
plasmolysis
if an animal cells placed in a hypertonic solution_______ may occur
crenation
when an animal cells placed in a hypotonic solution_________ may occur
Lysis
The sodium potassium pump is found in a large number of these kind of cells
NERVE!!
Carrier proteins are ______ meaning they only carry one type of particle
specific
refers to a solution that is less concentrated and when compared to another solution
hypotonic
The substance that does the dissolving in a solution
solvent
________ Sized molecules tend to produce a higher rate of diffusion
smaller
_________ Proteins catalyze chemical reactions on the cell membrane
enzymatic
_______ Proteins can cause a change to the cell membrane when I specifically shaped molecule binds it’s binding site
receptor
The diffusion rate can be increased by raising the_________, Which in turn increases the speed at which particles are moving
temperature
Active transport is able to move molecules______ the consentration gradient
against
when solutions on either side of a membrane are the same concentration there is ____ net movement of water or solute across the membrane
NO
turgor pressure is important to plant cells because as their cells will start to lose to go to pressure the plant will also start to _____
wilt
The substance that is being dissolved in a solution?
solute
a ______ protein uses ATP to change shape to move molecules across the cell
carrier
This is a special type of diffusion where water is the substance that is moving
osmosis
Water fearing molecules that do not mix well with charged or polar molecules
hydrophobic
Refers to a solution that is the same concentration when compared to another solution
isotonic
A ______ protein only passes partway through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane
peripheral
This type of protein to export requires ATP as an energy source
active
A carbohydrate chain attached to a lipid molecule in the cell membrane
glycoLIPID
Water loving molecules which mix well with charged a polar molecules
hydrophilic
The rate of diffusion can be increased by increasing the _________ gradient
Consentration
this occurs when there is a concentration gradient across the membrane and only water is able to pass through the membrane
osmotic pressure
a cell ________ Protein has a glycoproteins attached to it which are unique to each organism and aid and immune system recognition
recognition
this molecule is the energy currency of the cell
ATP
movement of molecules along a concentration gradient
Diffusion
A carbohydrate chain attached to a protein in the cell membrane
glycoPROTEIN
The movement of a Valcuole into the cell
endocytosis
an ______ protein Passes all the way through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane
integral
Refers to a solution that is more concentrated when compared to another solution
hypertonic
when movement of a molecule does not require additional energy input it’s called?
passive
a ______ protein allows a particular ion or molecule to pass-through it with the concentration gradient and without the use of ATP
channel
How to increase the rate of diffusion
increase temperature
increase the consentration gradient
decrease the size of diffusing molecules
glycolipid
Carbohydrate chain attached to a phospholipid
glycoprotein
carbohydrate chain attached to a protein
cholesterol
inside the bilayer
5 types of proteins
Channel proteins
carrier proteins
cell recognition proteins
receptor proteins
enzymatic protein
Channel proteins
Tunnels
What channel is faulty in cystic fibrosis patients
chloride channel
Carrier proteins
Pump
ATP
Cell recognition proteins
cells recognize foreign things in the body
Receptor proteins
examples insulin (liver cell and muscle cells
Enzymatic protein
Catalyze a specific reaction
involved in ATP metabolism
what factors determine whether molecules can enter a membrane
Diffusion
transport by carriers
and bulk transport
What can enter a membrane using diffusion
lipid soluble
molecules water
gases
alcohol
steroids
What can enter a membrane by transport by carriers
sugars and amino acids and charged ions such as Na+ or K+
what can enter a membrane with endocytosis and exocytosis
Macromolecules for example proteins, bacteria and viruses
With diffusion what happens to the concentration
The area of high concentration will move to the area of low concentration
Law of diffusion
Particles move from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration until equally distributed
diffusion is a _____ process
passive
Special case of diffusion is called?
osmosis
hypotonic to ____
hypertonic
Hypertonic solution’s in cells cause
plasmolysis
Why do the plant cells not burst one put in a hypotonic solution
The cell wall is made up of cellulose which has strong beta linkage
What are the two parts of transport by carriers
Facilitated transport an active transport
Facilitated transport
uses channel proteins
requires no ATP
Active transport
Requires ATP
used carrier proteins
molecules can move against the concentration gradient
used in the thyroid gland
Endocytosis
when the cell membrane forms of vesicle around the substance to be taken in to the cell
used ATP
Types of endocytosis
Phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor mediated endocytosis
phagocytosis
Cell eating
pinocytosis
cell drinking
Receptor mediated endocytosis
A form of pinocytosis in which molecules of substances combined to receptor proteins on the surface of the cell membrane
Exocytosis
Important in secretion and excretion of cells
exiting the cell membrane
uses ATP
Examples of exocytosis in the body
digestive enzymes produced by stomach and glands in the small intestine
the hormones insulin and glucagon are released by pancreatic cells through exocytosis when the cells are stimulated by the nervous system
Why does diffusion happen
Because of the movement of molecules because they’re always moving
Where is ATP made
The mitochondria
What are the two substances that go into ATP
O2 and glucose
If a graph that shows consentration flattens out what does that mean
it has become isotonic
if a substance is more concentrated does it lose or gain water
looses water
On a graph how do you know it is isotonic
the zero line
What is the job of the cell membrane
It provides protection for the cell it transports nutrients into the cell and also transports toxic substances out of the cell
How does your body recognize cells
When the body senses foreign substances or sells the immune system create a response to get rid of them
