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Personal training level 3 > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What part of the brain is the hub of the CNS and control centre for controlling muscle actions

A

Cerebellum

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3
Q

What does the spinal cord communicate between

A

PNS and brain

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4
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

All the nerves outside the CNS

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5
Q

What are 2 types of neurons

A

Sensory and Motor

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6
Q

What are the to systems within the PNS

A

Somatic and Automatic

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7
Q

What is the somatic system responsible for

A

Outer areas of body and skeletal muscle, controls voluntary control of movements

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8
Q

What can the automatic system be divided into

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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9
Q

What is the automatic system responsible for

A

Involuntary processes such as hormones and digestion

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10
Q

What does the sympathetic system do

A

Speeds up internal processes during activity

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11
Q

What does the parasympathetic system do

A

Slow down internal processes during activity

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12
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a nerve cell

A

Cell body (Soma), Axon and Dendrites

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13
Q

What is the cell body of a neuron for

A

Cell activities and containing components such as nucleus, mitochondria and ribosomes

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14
Q

What is the axon for

A

Transmitting action potentials

carrying nerve impulse (electro chemical message)

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15
Q

What is the axon covered with

A

Myelin sheath

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16
Q

What are dendrites for

A

They are connected to other cells and carry incoming action potentials

17
Q

How are action potentials created

A

Controlled movements of sodium and potassium electrolytes

18
Q

What are found at the end of axons

A

Synaptic endings

19
Q

What is found at synaptic endings

A

Neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACH)

20
Q

How are action potentials transferred between cells

A

ACH diffuses across synapse and starts another action potential

21
Q

What is a motor unit

A

A motor neurone and all the muscle fibres it innervates

22
Q

What do large muscles usually have

A

Motor units containing many muscle fibres

23
Q

What is the force generated by a muscle related to

A

Number of units recruited and frequency of discharge

24
Q

What are muscle proprioceptors

A

Act as sensors within the muscle and connective tissue of limbs

25
Q

What do muscle proprioceptors do

A

Provide feedback of impact of immediate environment of musculoskeletal system to give information about the position of the limbs

26
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle proprioceptors

A

Muscle spindles and Golgi tendons

27
Q

What do muscle spindles detect

A

Changes in muscle length

28
Q

What do Golgi tendons detect

A

Changes in muscle tension

29
Q

What is the stretch reflex mechanism

A

A protective mechanism to prevent muscle tears

30
Q

How do muscle spindles work

A

Small sensory unit wrapped like a coil around muscle fibre like a coil, they contract or expand when the muscle lengthens or shortens

31
Q

What is the stretch reflex

A

When the muscle shortens as a result of rapid contraction

32
Q

How does a Golgi tendon organ detect tension

A

When the muscle contracts it pulls on the tendon do GTO can measure tension

33
Q

What is the inverse stretch flex

A

Relaxation response caused by the GTO

34
Q

What do GTO and muscle spindles act as

A

On and off switches for muscular activity during exercise

35
Q

What technique of training highlights muscle spindles

A

Plyometrics

36
Q

What is reciprocal inhibition

A

When a motor unit prevents the antagonist muscle from contracting during agonist contraction

37
Q

What are early strength improvements in resistance training a result of

A

CNS

38
Q

What improvements to the CNS does training have

A

Faster reaction time, greater force generation, enhanced stability etc

Personal training level 3 (11 decks)

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