musculskeletal system Flashcards
What is the tough membrane that surrounds the whole muscle belly
Epimysium
What are fasciculi
Bundle of muscle fibres
What is the membrane that surrounds the individual muscle fibers
Endomysium
What are the smallest units of muscle fibres
Myofibril
What are the compartments within myofibril called
Sarcomeres
In sliding filament theory what is the thin filament and whit is the thick filament
Actin is thin filament and Myosin is thick filament
How does sliding filament theory make muscles contract
Myosin has a hook like head which binds with actin and rotates pulling the actin towards centre of sarcomere hence contracting muscle
Why is ATP useful in sliding filament theory
It binds with myosin head to give it power
Why is calcium important in muscle contraction
The myosin head binding sites are blocked when in a relaxed state and calcium is used to remove blocking molecule
What are the 4 stages of sliding filament theory
Cooking phase, Binding phase, power stroke, resetting
How does performing endurance exercises effect type 1 muscle fibres
improved efficiency, work capacity, increased mitochondria, hypertrophy
How does endurance exercises effect type 2b muscle fibres
Increased aerobic enzyme levels, increased phosphocreatine stores, hypertrophy
What are DOMS
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
What is the frontal plane
Divides body into anterior and posterior
What is the sagittal plane
Divides body into right and left
What is the transverse plane
Divides body into upper and lower
What is the medial lateral axis
Passes through sagittal plane
What is the anterior posterior axis
Passes through the frontal plane
What is the longitudinal axis
Passes through the transverse plane
What type of joint is the knee joint
Synovial hinge joint
What are the 4 heads of the quadriceps
Vastus medialise, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus intermidies, rectus femoris
What are the 3 heads of the hamstrings
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
What muscles provide the movement of the shoulder joint
Pectoralis major, deltoids, latissimus dormi
Name the 4 deep muscles of the shoulder
Teres minor, supaspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis
What does the teres minor help with
adduction and external rotation of shoulder
What does supraspinatus help with
Shoulder abduction
What foes the infraspinatus help with
Horizontal extension, external rotation, adduction
What does the subscapularis help with
internal rotation and adduction
What bones is the shoulder girdle made up of
Scapula and Clavicicals
What are the 4 posterior muscles of the shoulder girdle
Trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levitator scapulae
What are the anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle
Serratus anterior and pectoralis minor
What joint is more mobile and which is more stable, shoulder or hip
Hip is more sable but less mobile
What are the muscles of the vertebral column
Rectus Abdominis, erector spinae, internal and external obliques
What are Multifidus
Links small sections of vertebrae together
What is the quadratus lumborum
Helps laterally flex and extend the spine and also helps tilt pelvis
