nervous system Flashcards
nervous system
carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body
sensory input
Sensory processing deals with how the brain processes sensory input from multiple sensory modalities
integration
incorporation as equals into society or an organization of individuals of different groups
central nervous system
part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system is one of the two components of the nervous system
somatic nervous system
associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system
supplies the internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, bladder, genitals, lungs, pupils, heart, and sweat, salivary, and digestive glands
neuroglia
cells that form myelin, protect, support, and maintain equilibrium in your nervous system
astrocytes
known collectively as astroglia, are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord
microglia
account for 10–15% of all cells found within the brain
ependymal cells
These cells line the CSF-filled ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord
oligodendrocytes
main functions are to provide support and insulation to axons in the central nervous system of some vertebrates
Schwann cells
any of the cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons
satellite cells
Satellite cells are precursors to skeletal muscle cells
neurons
a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses
dendrites
a short branched extension of a nerve cell
axons
the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells
axon hillock
specialized part of the cell body of a neuron that connects to the axon
axon terminals
use electrochemical signals and neurotransmitter chemicals to transmit impulses from one neuron to the next, axon terminals are separated from neighboring neurons by a small gap called a synapse
myelin
Myelin is a fatty white substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells
nodes of Ranvier
The action potential travels from one location in the cell to another, but ion flow across the membrane occurs only at the nodes of Ranvier
depolarization
loss of polarization
action potential
occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls
repolarization
refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value
cerebrum
the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates
parietal lobe
integrates sensory information among various modalities
frontal lobe
part of the brain that controls important cognitive skills in humans
occipital lobe
visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex
temporal lobe
Processing sensory input. Auditory. Adjacent areas in the superior, posterior
gray matter
darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites.
cerebral white matter
connect various gray matter areas of the brain to each other, and carry nerve impulses between neurons.
cerebellum
the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity
