nervous system

Question 1

nervous system

Answer 1

carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body

Question 2

sensory input

Answer 2

Sensory processing deals with how the brain processes sensory input from multiple sensory modalities

Question 3

integration

Answer 3

incorporation as equals into society or an organization of individuals of different groups

Question 4

central nervous system

Answer 4

part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Question 5

peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

The peripheral nervous system is one of the two components of the nervous system

Question 6

somatic nervous system

Answer 6

associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles

Question 7

autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

supplies the internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, bladder, genitals, lungs, pupils, heart, and sweat, salivary, and digestive glands

Question 8

neuroglia

Answer 8

cells that form myelin, protect, support, and maintain equilibrium in your nervous system

Question 9

astrocytes

Answer 9

known collectively as astroglia, are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord

Question 10

microglia

Answer 10

account for 10–15% of all cells found within the brain

Question 11

ependymal cells

Answer 11

These cells line the CSF-filled ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

Question 12

oligodendrocytes

Answer 12

main functions are to provide support and insulation to axons in the central nervous system of some vertebrates

Question 13

Schwann cells

Answer 13

any of the cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons

Question 14

satellite cells

Answer 14

Satellite cells are precursors to skeletal muscle cells

Question 15

neurons

Answer 15

a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses

Question 16

dendrites

Answer 16

a short branched extension of a nerve cell

Question 17

axons

Answer 17

the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells

Question 18

axon hillock

Answer 18

specialized part of the cell body of a neuron that connects to the axon

Question 19

axon terminals

Answer 19

use electrochemical signals and neurotransmitter chemicals to transmit impulses from one neuron to the next, axon terminals are separated from neighboring neurons by a small gap called a synapse

Question 20

myelin

Answer 20

Myelin is a fatty white substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells

Question 21

nodes of Ranvier

Answer 21

The action potential travels from one location in the cell to another, but ion flow across the membrane occurs only at the nodes of Ranvier

Question 22

depolarization

Answer 22

loss of polarization

Question 23

action potential

Answer 23

occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls

Question 24

repolarization

Answer 24

refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value

Question 25

cerebrum

Answer 25

the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates

Question 26

parietal lobe

Answer 26

integrates sensory information among various modalities

Question 27

frontal lobe

Answer 27

part of the brain that controls important cognitive skills in humans

Question 28

occipital lobe

Answer 28

visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex

Question 29

temporal lobe

Answer 29

Processing sensory input. Auditory. Adjacent areas in the superior, posterior

Question 30

gray matter

Answer 30

darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites.

Question 31

cerebral white matter

Answer 31

connect various gray matter areas of the brain to each other, and carry nerve impulses between neurons.

Question 32

cerebellum

Answer 32

the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity