digestive system Flashcards
(42 cards)
gastrointestinal tract
organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces
oral cavity
part of the mouth behind the gums and teeth that is bounded above by the hard and soft palates and below by the tongue and by the mucous membrane connecting it with the inner part of the mandible
hard palate
he bony front part of the palate
soft palate
flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth
uvula
fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate that hangs above the throat
lingual frenulum
small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue
pharynx
membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus
esophagus
part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet
mucosa
a mucous membrane
submucosa
layer of areolar connective tissue lying beneath a mucous membrane
muscularis externa
a region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa
serosa
tissue of a serous membrane tissue of a serous membrane
visceral peritoneum
part of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal viscera
parietal peritoneum
is that portion that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
mesentery
fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen
stomach
internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occur
cardioesophageal sphincter
surrounds the lower part of the esophagus at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach
pyloric sphincter
a band of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine
rugae
a term used in anatomy that refers to a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ
greater curvature
boundary of the stomach that forms a long usually convex curve on the left from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum
lesser curvature
boundary of the stomach that in humans forms a relatively short concave curve on the right from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum
greater omentum
a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach
chyme
pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food
small intestine
the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine