Nervous System Flashcards
sensory neuron
axon carries sensory info PNS –> CNS
neurotransmitter of sympathetic nervous system
norepinephrine
cervical ganglia innervate
- eye
- mucous membranes of nasal septum
- salivary glands (submandibular, sublingual, parotid)
- heart
- lung
cardiac plexus
part of the autonomic nervous system that controls heart rate; includes sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers;
sympathetic = increases heart rate parasympathetic = decreases heart rate
facial nerve (cervical nerve VII)
facial → pterygopalatine ganglion →
- lacrimal gland
- submandibular gland
- sublingual gland
- mucous membrane of nasal septum
ganglia in sympathetic nervous system
near spinal cord
Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic Response: GI activity
Parasympathetic: increased GI activity
Sympathetic: decreased GI activity
nuclei in spinal cord segments of parasympathetic nervous system (S2 - S4)
S2-S4 → pelvic splanchnic nerves → large intestine and urinary bladder
Paths of Fibers in sympathetic nervous system
Possible Paths
- ascend then synapse
- synapse at level of entry
- descend then synapse
- pass through synaptic trunk without synapsing to enter an abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve
Division of the Nervous System
glossopharyngeal nerve (cervical nerve IX)
glossopharyngeal → otic ganglion → parotid gland
vagus nerve (cervical nerve X)
vagus →
- heart
- lung
- stomach
- spleen
- kidneys
- small intestine
- large intestine
greater and lesser splanchnic nerves (T5-T12) lead to:
- stomach
- spleen
- adrenal gland
- kidney
- small intestine
Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic Response: Pupils
parasympathetic: constrict
sympathetic: dilate
cervical nerves in parasymphathetic nervous system
- III - occulomotor
- VII - facial
- IX - glossopharyngeal
- X - vagus
occulomotor nerve (cervical nerve III)
occulomotor → ciliary ganglion → intrinsic eye muscles (pupils, lens)
inferior mesenteric ganglia lead to (L1-L2):
- large intestine
- urinary bladders
autonomic nervous system
- autonomic
- self-governing
- subconscious
- divisions – sympathetic and parasympathetic
nerve divisions in sympathetic nervous system
- cervical ganglia
- T5 - T12 (greater and lesser splanchnic nerves)
- L1 - L2 (inferior mesenteric ganglia)
preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic nervous system
- in brain stem and in lateral portion of the anterior gray horns of spinal segments S2 - S4
- cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X, part XI
gray matter
neural tissue dominated by neuron cell bodies
preganglionic neurons in sympathetic nervous system
- in lateral gray horns of spinal segments T1 - L2 (L3)
white matter
neural tissue dominated by myelinated axons
location of presynaptic bodies in parasympathetic nervous system
cranial nerve (III, VII, IX, X, part of XI)
S2-4
cranioservical division
neurotransmitter of parasympathetic nervous system
acetylcholine (Ach)
ganglia location in parasympathetic nervous system
in or near target organ
ganglion
a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber.
motor neuron
axons carries motor commands CNS –> effectors
courses taken by sympathetic nerve fibers
- presynaptic fibers all follow the same course until they reach the sympathetic trunks
- then follow one of the four courses to synapse
