Diaphragm

Question 1

sympathetic trunk / chain of ganglia location to diaphragm

Answer 1

passes posterior to median arcuate ligament

Question 2

superior contact

Answer 2

• heart
• lungs

Question 3

epigastric arteries - relation to diaphragm

Answer 3

pass through sternocostal hiatus

Question 4

vertebral costal triangle (trigone)

Answer 4

• gap in the diaphragm
• also called lumbocostal trigone

Question 5

aortic hiatus (location, borders, structures that pass through)

Answer 5

Location: T12

Borders: bound anteriorly by the crura (unites right and left crus), and posteriorly by the body of the first lumbar vertebra

Structures That Pass Through:

1. aorta
2. thoracic duct / lymphatic vessels
3. azygous vein
4. hemiazgous vein

Question 6

Vena Caval Foramen

Answer 6

Location: T8/T9 in the central tendon of diaphragm

Structures Passing Through:

• inferior vena cava
• right phrenic nerve

Question 7

importance of diaphragm movement in blood circulation

Answer 7

• increased intra-abdominal pressure and decreased intrathoracic pressure help return venous blood to the heart
• when the diaphragm contracts, compressing the abdominal viscera, blood in the IVC is forced superiorly to the heart

Question 8

Things that Go Through Diaphragm

Answer 8

• vertebral costal triangle (trigone)
• aortic hiatus
  
  • aorta
  • thoracic duct and lymph vessels
  • azygous vein
  • hemiazygous vein
• crura
• sympathetic trunk / chain of ganglia
• esophageal hiatus
  
  • esophagus
  • vagus nerve
  • gastric vessels
• vena caval foramen
  
  • inferior vena cava
  • right phrenic nerve
• left phrenic nerve
• epigastric arteries

Question 9

costal muscular region

Answer 9

origin: ribs 7-9

insertion: central tendon – (aponeurosis)

Question 10

crura (tissue, function, location)

Answer 10

Tissue: musculotendinous

Function: anchor the diaphragm

Location:

• arise at L1-L3
• attach on either side of aorta at T12

Question 11

lumbar muscular region

Answer 11

origin: lumbar vertebrae L1 - L3, arcuate ligament

insertion: central tendon (aponeurosis)

Question 12

inferior contact

Answer 12

• liver
• stomachs
• spleen
• fat pad of left kidney

Question 13

sternal muscular region

Answer 13

origin: xiphoid process

insertion: central tendon (aponeurosis)

Question 14

root of aortic hiatus

Answer 14

arcuate ligament

Question 15

Muscular Regions of Diaphragm

Answer 15

1. sternal
2. costal
3. lumbar

Question 16

esophageal hiatus (location, structures)

Answer 16

Location: T10 in the right crus of diaphragm

Structures Passing Through:

• esophagus
• vagus nerve
• gastric vessels

Question 17

Diaphragm

Answer 17

Definition: muscle used for quiet breathing

Location: between the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Question 18

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves location in relation to the vertebral spine

Answer 18

sympathetic: paravertebral

parasympathetic: inside the vertebral column

Question 19

left phrenic nerve – relation to diaphragm

Answer 19

passes through muscular part of the diaphragm out to central tendon

Question 20

ganglia

Answer 20

groups of nerve cell bodies

Question 21

contraction of diaphragm

Answer 21

• when the diaphragm contracts, its domes are pulled inferiorly so that the convexity of the diaphragm is somewhat flattened
• as the diaphragm descends it pushed the abdominal viscera inferiorly – increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and decreases the intrathoracic pressure – air goes into the lungs
• also caused intra-abdominal cavity to decrease in volume and increase in size