Abdominal Region

Question 1

structure that anchors the spleen

Answer 1

splenic artery

Question 2

Right Inguinal / Right Iliac

Answer 2

• cecum
• appendix

Question 3

largest gland in the body

Answer 3

liver

Question 4

Left Lateral / Left Lumbar

Answer 4

descending colon

Question 5

Functions of the Liver

Answer 5

1. synthesize fatty acid and cholesterol
2. regulate blood glucose
3. removes toxins from the blood (alcohol, some drugs)
4. secrete bile
5. filter blood, removes damaged and dead blood cells, breaks down hemoglobin
6. hormone inactivator
7. stores fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E)
8. processes amino acids, like making clotting factors
9. makes plasma proteins

Question 6

regions of the abdomen: looking left to right and top to bottom

Answer 6

right hypochondriac

epigastric

left hypochondriac

right lateral / right lumbar

umbilical

left lateral / left lumbar

right inguinal / right iliac

pubic

left inguinal / left iliac

Question 7

location of the spleen

Answer 7

• left hypochondriac region
• posterior to the stomach
• not retroperitoneal; in the back of the peritoneal cavity
• anterior to the superior part of the left kidney

Question 8

mesothelium

Answer 8

parietal peritoneum + visceral peritoneum

Question 9

round ligament

Answer 9

known as “ligamentum teres”

degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver

is the umbilical vein in the fetus – after birth the round ligament is obliterated and becomes the round ligament

Question 10

definition of exocrine

Answer 10

goes through a duct

Question 11

what does the inguinal canal connect?

Answer 11

extraperitoneal space and scrotum labia majora

Question 12

what makes up the inguinal canal?

Answer 12

1. internal oblique
2. transverse abdominus
3. transversalis fascia

Question 13

organs that can regenerate tissue

Answer 13

liver and spleen

Question 14

what type of tissue is the spleen made of?

Answer 14

reticular tissue

Question 15

name for area where trunk meets up with thigh

Answer 15

inguinal

Question 16

functions of the spleen

Answer 16

• filters blood – removes dead/old red blood cells
• filters antigens, foreign particles, pathogens, microorganisms – role in immune system
• blood storage – helpful in cases of major blood loss; acts as a blood reserve
• embryo – blood formation center

Question 17

envelopes the rectus abdomens

Answer 17

anterior rectus sheath and posterior rectus sheath

Question 18

Left Hypochondriac

Answer 18

• stomach (fundus)
• spleen

Question 19

Epigastric Region

Answer 19

• liver
• stomach
• pancreas

Question 20

innominate bone

Answer 20

the bone formed from the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis; the hipbone

Question 21

mesentery and function

Answer 21

double layer of parietal peritoneum

function: provide stability while permitting flexibility

Question 22

Umbilical

Answer 22

• greater omentum
• transverse colon
• small intestine

Question 23

another name for abdominal cavity”

Answer 23

peritoneal cavity

Question 24

definition of a gland

Answer 24

secretes chemicals used by other parts of the body

Question 25

Right Hypochondriac

Answer 25

* liver * gallbladder

Question 26

lowest lateral portion of abdomen

Answer 26

inguinal

Question 27

Pubic Region

Answer 27

* urinary bladder * uterus, but only when you're pregnant

Question 28

Abdomen Layers: superficial to deep

Answer 28

**Superficial** * skin * superficial fascia * rectus abdominus * external oblique * internal oblique * transverse abdominus * tranverse fascia * extraperitoneal fatty layer * parietal peritoneum **Deep**

Question 29

Left Inguinal / Left Iliac

Answer 29

sigmoid colon

Question 30

inferior border of abdominal cavity

Answer 30

pelvic inlet

Question 31

Right Lateral / Right Lumbar

Answer 31

ascending colon

Question 32

name for collagen lines in the skin of the abdomen

Answer 32

Langer's Lines

Question 33

size of spleen

Answer 33

5 inches by 3 inches

Question 34

falciform ligament

Answer 34

attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Question 35

location of pancreas

Answer 35

* retroperitoneal * epigastric region * posterior to the stomach * between spleen and duodenum

Question 36

anterior abdominal wall nerves

Answer 36

* serve the anterior abdominal wall * lower six thoracic nerves (T7 - T12) + L1, supply rectus abdomens and ant. rectus sheath * ventral rami

Question 37

Function of Pancreas

Answer 37

endocrine -- secretes insulin, glucagon exocrine -- secretes digestive enzymes

Question 38

What causes protruding abdomen in adults?

Answer 38

* fat * flatus in GI tract (gas = flatus) * food * feces * fluid * fetus

Question 39

Functions of Stomach

Answer 39

* break down food -- chemically and mechanically * store food

Question 40

abdominal region located between ___ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 40

diaphragm and pelvis

Question 41

signs of early pancreatic cancer

Answer 41

no symptoms early on

Question 42

linea alba

Answer 42

fibrous band of connective tissue that extends from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis; means "white line"

Question 43

definition of endocrine

Answer 43

travels through the blood stream

Question 44

adenocarcinoma

Answer 44

cancerous tumor of mucous secreting cells

Question 45

bounderies of anterior abdominal wall: superior, inferior, and anterior

Answer 45

superior * xiphoid process inferior * iliac crest anterior * anterior superior iliac spine * inguinal ligament * pubic crest * pubis symphysis * pubic tubercle

Question 46

Why do young children have a protruding abdomen?

Answer 46

* the liver is large -- the body grows into the liver * liver is large because it has so many important functions * GI tract still growing * gas -- abdomen cavity enlarging * excess fluid * abdominal muscles not quite developed

Question 47

superior border of abdominal region

Answer 47

5th intercostal space

Question 48

Structures that are retroperitoneal:

Answer 48

SADPUCKER ## Footnote S - suprarenal gland A - Aorta (IVC) D - duodenum P - pancreas U - ureter, urinary bladder C - colon K - kidney E - esophagus R - rectum

Question 49

what is the largest single mass of lymph tissue in the body?

Answer 49

spleen

Question 50

what passes through the inguinal canal -- males and females

Answer 50

Male * spermatic cord * vas deferens * blood vessels * nerves * lympathics * cremater muscles Female * round ligament of uterus attaches here