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Anatomy Exam 2 > Abdominal Region > Flashcards

Abdominal Region Flashcards

1
Q

structure that anchors the spleen

A

splenic artery

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2
Q

Right Inguinal / Right Iliac

A
  • cecum
  • appendix
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3
Q

largest gland in the body

A

liver

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4
Q

Left Lateral / Left Lumbar

A

descending colon

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5
Q

Functions of the Liver

A
  1. synthesize fatty acid and cholesterol
  2. regulate blood glucose
  3. removes toxins from the blood (alcohol, some drugs)
  4. secrete bile
  5. filter blood, removes damaged and dead blood cells, breaks down hemoglobin
  6. hormone inactivator
  7. stores fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E)
  8. processes amino acids, like making clotting factors
  9. makes plasma proteins
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6
Q

regions of the abdomen: looking left to right and top to bottom

A

right hypochondriac

epigastric

left hypochondriac

right lateral / right lumbar

umbilical

left lateral / left lumbar

right inguinal / right iliac

pubic

left inguinal / left iliac

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7
Q

location of the spleen

A
  • left hypochondriac region
  • posterior to the stomach
  • not retroperitoneal; in the back of the peritoneal cavity
  • anterior to the superior part of the left kidney
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8
Q

mesothelium

A

parietal peritoneum + visceral peritoneum

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9
Q

round ligament

A

known as “ligamentum teres”

degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver

is the umbilical vein in the fetus – after birth the round ligament is obliterated and becomes the round ligament

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10
Q

definition of exocrine

A

goes through a duct

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11
Q

what does the inguinal canal connect?

A

extraperitoneal space and scrotum labia majora

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12
Q

what makes up the inguinal canal?

A
  1. internal oblique
  2. transverse abdominus
  3. transversalis fascia
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13
Q

organs that can regenerate tissue

A

liver and spleen

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14
Q

what type of tissue is the spleen made of?

A

reticular tissue

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15
Q

name for area where trunk meets up with thigh

A

inguinal

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16
Q

functions of the spleen

A
  • filters blood – removes dead/old red blood cells
  • filters antigens, foreign particles, pathogens, microorganisms – role in immune system
  • blood storage – helpful in cases of major blood loss; acts as a blood reserve
  • embryo – blood formation center
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17
Q

envelopes the rectus abdomens

A

anterior rectus sheath and posterior rectus sheath

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18
Q

Left Hypochondriac

A
  • stomach (fundus)
  • spleen
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19
Q

Epigastric Region

A
  • liver
  • stomach
  • pancreas
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20
Q

innominate bone

A

the bone formed from the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis; the hipbone

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21
Q

mesentery and function

A

double layer of parietal peritoneum

function: provide stability while permitting flexibility

22
Q

Umbilical

A
  • greater omentum
  • transverse colon
  • small intestine
23
Q

another name for abdominal cavity”

A

peritoneal cavity

24
Q

definition of a gland

A

secretes chemicals used by other parts of the body

25
Q

Right Hypochondriac

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
26
Q

lowest lateral portion of abdomen

A

inguinal

27
Q

Pubic Region

A
  • urinary bladder
  • uterus, but only when you’re pregnant
28
Q

Abdomen Layers: superficial to deep

A

Superficial

  • skin
  • superficial fascia
  • rectus abdominus
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transverse abdominus
  • tranverse fascia
  • extraperitoneal fatty layer
  • parietal peritoneum

Deep

29
Q

Left Inguinal / Left Iliac

A

sigmoid colon

30
Q

inferior border of abdominal cavity

A

pelvic inlet

31
Q

Right Lateral / Right Lumbar

A

ascending colon

32
Q

name for collagen lines in the skin of the abdomen

A

Langer’s Lines

33
Q

size of spleen

A

5 inches by 3 inches

34
Q

falciform ligament

A

attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

35
Q

location of pancreas

A
  • retroperitoneal
  • epigastric region
  • posterior to the stomach
  • between spleen and duodenum
36
Q

anterior abdominal wall nerves

A
  • serve the anterior abdominal wall
  • lower six thoracic nerves (T7 - T12) + L1, supply rectus abdomens and ant. rectus sheath
    • ventral rami
37
Q

Function of Pancreas

A

endocrine – secretes insulin, glucagon

exocrine – secretes digestive enzymes

38
Q

What causes protruding abdomen in adults?

A
  • fat
  • flatus in GI tract (gas = flatus)
  • food
  • feces
  • fluid
  • fetus
39
Q

Functions of Stomach

A
  • break down food – chemically and mechanically
  • store food
40
Q

abdominal region located between ___ and ____

A

diaphragm and pelvis

41
Q

signs of early pancreatic cancer

A

no symptoms early on

42
Q

linea alba

A

fibrous band of connective tissue that extends from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis; means “white line”

43
Q

definition of endocrine

A

travels through the blood stream

44
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of mucous secreting cells

45
Q

bounderies of anterior abdominal wall: superior, inferior, and anterior

A

superior

  • xiphoid process

inferior

  • iliac crest

anterior

  • anterior superior iliac spine
  • inguinal ligament
  • pubic crest
  • pubis symphysis
  • pubic tubercle
46
Q

Why do young children have a protruding abdomen?

A
  • the liver is large – the body grows into the liver
  • liver is large because it has so many important functions
  • GI tract still growing
  • gas – abdomen cavity enlarging
  • excess fluid
  • abdominal muscles not quite developed
47
Q

superior border of abdominal region

A

5th intercostal space

48
Q

Structures that are retroperitoneal:

A

SADPUCKER

S - suprarenal gland

A - Aorta (IVC)

D - duodenum

P - pancreas

U - ureter, urinary bladder

C - colon

K - kidney

E - esophagus

R - rectum

49
Q

what is the largest single mass of lymph tissue in the body?

A

spleen

50
Q

what passes through the inguinal canal – males and females

A

Male

  • spermatic cord
    • vas deferens
    • blood vessels
    • nerves
    • lympathics
    • cremater muscles

Female

  • round ligament of uterus attaches here

Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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