Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESA1 - Body Logistics > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the nervous system is involved in the processing of information?

A

Central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

Spinal cord and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What conveys sensory input to the CNS and motor output to the effectors?

A

Peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two different parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic and autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 major components of the brain?

A

Cerebral hemispheres, brain stem and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some examples of what the brain stem involved in?

A

Regulation of CV function, regulation of breathing, regulation of sleep/wakefulness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the cerebellum involved in?

A

Fine aspects of motor control eg juggling, co-ordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What emerges from the spinal cord?

A

Around 30 pairs of nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are collections of cell bodies in the brain called?

A

Nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are ganglia and nuclei equivalent structures?

A

Yes - ganglia are collections of cell bodies in the PNS and nuclei are collections of cell bodies in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the equivalents of nerves in the central nervous system?

A

Tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the white matter of the spinal cord composed of?

A

Nerve fibres - axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the grey matter of the spinal cord composed of?

A

Neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In which part of the spinal cord does information processing occur?

A

Grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In which part of the spinal cord does the dissemination of information occur?

A

White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is grey and white matter distributed in the brain?

A

Central core of grey matter surrounded by white matter as well as an extra layer of grey matter on the periphery (surface) of the brain - the cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

Layer of grey matter surrounding the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do pairs of nerves emerge from the spinal cord?

A

One emerges dorasally and one emerges ventrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the spinal nerve created by?

A

The coalescence of the ventral root and the dorsal root - mixed motor and sensory fibres

22
Q

What function does the ventral root have?

A

Motor - contains purely motor axons

23
Q

What function does the dorsal root have?

A

Sensory - contains purely sensory axons

24
Q

What is the dorsal root associated with?

A

Dorsal horn

25
Q

What is the ventral root associated with?

A

Ventral horn

26
Q

What is the dorsal root ganglion?

A

Swelling in dorsal root - cluster of nerve cell bodies

27
Q

Where does the cell body of a sensory neurone coming into the spinal chord reside?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

28
Q

What is a bipolar neurone?

A

Neurone with two extensions

29
Q

Why do impulses travel faster across pseudounipolar neurones?

A

Impulse can bypass cell body

30
Q

What is a pseudounipolar neurone?

A

A pseudounipolar neuron is a kind of sensory neuron in the peripheral nervous system. This neuron contains an axon that has split into two branches; one branch runs to the periphery and the other to the spinal cord.

31
Q

Where are bipolar neurones often found?

A

Retina

32
Q

What do motor neurones consist of?

A

Cell body, dendrites and axon

33
Q

What are the 3 classes of neurones?

A

Sensory neurones, interneurones and motor neurones

34
Q

What are bundles of axons in nerves called?

A

Fascicles

35
Q

What is the connective tissue layer surrounding each individual fascicle?

A

Perineurium

36
Q

What is the connective tissue layer surrounding each nerve fibre within the fascicle?

A

Endoneurium

37
Q

What is the connective tissue layer that holds all the fascicles together?

A

Epineurium

38
Q

What are the two types of cell found in the nervous system?

A

Neurones and glia

39
Q

What are glial cells?

A

Non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

40
Q

What do Schwann cells do?

A

Myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system

41
Q

How many axons can one Schwann cell myelinate?

A

One

42
Q

What is the main component of myelin sheath?

A

Membrane lipid - fat - good insulator

43
Q

How do Schwann cells form the myelin sheath?

A

The myelin sheath is formed as Schwann cells extend their plasma membranes around the axons of neurons in a spiral fashion.

44
Q

What do non-myelinating Schwann cells do?

A

Envelop axons but do not myelinate them - just for support

45
Q

Which cell type is responsible for myelination in the central nervous system?

A

Oligodendricytes

46
Q

Can oligodendricytes myelinate one axon at a time or many?

A

Many

47
Q

What do astrocytes create?

A

Blood-brain barrier which prevents toxins and pathogens from going into the brain from the bloodstream

48
Q

How do astrocytes create the blood-brain barrier?

A

Interact with endothelial cells, stimulating them to create tight junctions between them

49
Q

Aside from forming the blood-brain barrier, what do astrocytes do?

A

Can send processes out to synapses and ‘vacuum’ up any excess transmitter

50
Q

What are microglial cells?

A

Type of glial cell in the CNS with branched processes. They act as surveillance cells to seek out pathogens and when they are activated, they act like macrophages.

ESA1 - Body Logistics (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions