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Phys 208 > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

subdiv of PNS?

A

somatic, autonomic, enteric

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2
Q

what is functional unit of nervous system?

A

neuron

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3
Q

these interneurons relay info over great distances

A

relay (long axons, Golgi type 1)

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4
Q

these interneurons process info within specific regions of brain

A

local (short axons, Golgi type 2)

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5
Q

two types of afferent neurons

A

pseudounipolar (somatic sense), bipolar (special sense)

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6
Q

efferent neurons are ____

A

long axon multipolar (can be unmyelinated)

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7
Q

two types of interneurons?

A

anaxonic, multipolar w/ short axon

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8
Q

functions of glia

A

support, insulation (myelin), scavenge, remove neurotrans, induce BBB, injury regrowth

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9
Q

PNS glial cells

A

schwann, satellite

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10
Q

CNS glial cells

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

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11
Q

section of unmyelinated axon membrane between 2 schwann cells

A

Node of Ranvier

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12
Q

tip of a growing axon is called:

A

growth cone

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13
Q

neural stem cells migrate to:

A

ependyma, hippocamp, enteric

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14
Q

myelinated axons are ___ matter, ___ matter are all the rest

A

white; grey

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15
Q

demyenilation results in:

A

MS

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16
Q

this equation predicts membrane potential resulting from contribution of all ions that can cross mem ([ ] x permeability)

A

GHK equation

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17
Q

how is GHK diff from Nernst?

A

Nernst is just single ion

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18
Q

variable strength signals that travel over short distance and lose strength as travel along cell, for short distance communication

A

graded potential

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19
Q

brief large depolarization that travel long distance thru neuron without losing strength

A

action potential

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20
Q

GP gen by ___ ion channels or ____ ion channels

A

ligand gated; mech gated

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21
Q

rising phase of AP characterized by:

A

Na entering cell

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22
Q

repolarization phase of AP characterized by:

A

K leaving cell

23
Q

hypoerpolarization occurs cuz:

A

K wants to move closer to Ek

24
Q

speed of AP propagation influenced by:

A

diameter of axon (larger is faster), resistance of membrane to leakage (saltatory myelinated axons)

25
Q

^ in blood K [ ] is called:

A

hyperkalemia

26
Q

GP summation is referred to as:

A

post synaptic integration

27
Q

diff between pre and post synaptic inhibition?

A

pre target one, post target all

28
Q

dorsal root carries ____ info to CNS, ventral carries ____

A

afferent; efferent

29
Q

sections of spinal cord?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

30
Q

this initiates a response without input from brain

A

spinal reflex

31
Q

which pair of cranial nerves don’t originate along brain stem?

A

olfactory

32
Q

this lies between stem and cerebrum, consists of thalamus, hypo, pineal, pit., involved with homeostasis

A

diencephalon

33
Q

post pit is __ tissue, ant pit is ___ tissue

A

neural; endocrine

34
Q

functional areas of cerebral cort?

A

sensory, motor, association

35
Q

2 hems connect by:

A

corpus callosum

36
Q

primary somatosensory:

A

touch, temp, pain, itch, body position (systemic)

37
Q

special senses:

A

devoted regions for visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory (also equilibrium)

38
Q

sensory receptors act as ____

A

transducers

39
Q

example of simple receptor:

A

pain

40
Q

example of complex neural receptor:

A

touch (Pacinian corpuscle)

41
Q

ex. of special sense receptor:

A

hair cell of ear (release neurotrans into sense neuron)

42
Q

_____ enhances contrast and makes stim easier to perceive

A

lateral inhibition

43
Q

what is tonic receptor?

A

slow-adapting, respond for duration of stim (eg. touch)

44
Q

what is phasic?

A

receptor rapidly adapt to constant stim and turn of (eg. smell)

45
Q

symp path originate from ____, has ___ ganglion chains, ___ preganglionic neuron and ___ postganglionic

A

thoracic/lumbar; 2; short; long

46
Q

parasymp ganglia located _____, and originate from ___

A

on or near target; brain stem

47
Q

symp mediated by ___

A

hypothal, pons, medulla

48
Q

example of cooperative work?

A

penile function

49
Q

____ contans 75% parasymp fibres

A

vagus nerve

50
Q

autonomic postganglionic axons end w/ swollen areas at distal ends called

A

varicosities (diffuse release)

51
Q

neuroendocrine tissue on top of kidneys assoc. with symp

A

adrenal medulla

52
Q

adrenal medulla secretes ___

A

epinephrine

53
Q

axonless cell bodies

A

chromaffin cells (secrete Epinephrine)

Phys 208 (10 decks)

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