Blood

Question 1

connective tissue composed of cell elements suspended in fluid matrix

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

blood made up of __% water

Answer 2

92

Question 3

proteins contained in blood

Answer 3

albumin (60%), globulins, fibrinogen

Question 4

major contributors to colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 4

albumin

Question 5

clotting factors

Answer 5

globulin

Question 6

cellular elements of blood?

Answer 6

erythrocyte, leukocyte, thrombocytes

Question 7

blood make up ___% of body weight

Answer 7

7-8

Question 8

fraction of total column occupied by RBCs

Answer 8

hematocrit (40-45%)

Question 9

what is buffy coat?

Answer 9

WBC/platelets (

Question 10

pale white solution of electrolytes, proteins, carbs, lipids

Answer 10

plasma

Question 11

production of blood cells called:

Answer 11

hematopoiesis

Question 12

bone marrow is found in:

Answer 12

pelvis, spine, ribs, cranium, proximal end of long bones (also liver in fetus)

Question 13

75% cells produced are ___, ___% RBCs

Answer 13

WBC; 25

Question 14

cell signalling molecules that guide development of blood cells (proteins)

Answer 14

dytokines

Question 15

blood cell development begin with:

Answer 15

pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

Question 16

examples of cytokines?

Answer 16

EPO, TPO, colony stim factors, interleukins, stem cell factor

Question 17

RBC 3 major tasks:

Answer 17

1) carry o2 from lungs–>tissues
2) carry CO2 from tissue to lungs
3) buffer

Question 18

___% iron found in heme groups

Answer 18

70

Question 19

Two major groups of WBC:

Answer 19

granulocytes and non-granule lymphocytes (T and B) and monocytes

Question 20

platelets contain these 2 types of granules:

Answer 20

dense core granules (Ca, serotonin, ADP, ATP), alpha granules (von Willebrand, fibrinogen, clotting factor 5)

Question 21

the prevention of hemorrage

Answer 21

hemostasis

Question 22

steps of hemostasis:

Answer 22

1) vasoconstriction (serotonin)
2) form platelet plug
3) coagulation

Question 23

why don’t platelets attach to healthy endothelial?

Answer 23

both have neg charge

Question 24

PAF signals platelets to release a vasoconstrictor called:

Answer 24

thrombxane A2

Question 25

intrinsic path of coagulation?

Answer 25

factor XII–>factor XIIa–>factor Xa (proteloysis)

Question 26

extrinsic path of coagulation?

Answer 26

protease cascade outside vascular sys: tisue factor + factor VIIa+Ca form complex, cleave X –>Xa

Question 27

common path of coagulation?

Answer 27

Xa+Ca + factor Va–>prothrombinase–>thrombin–>fibrinogen becomes fibrin that traps blood cells, factor XIII–>XIIIa

Question 28

several diseases where one of factors in coagulation cascade defective/lacking

Answer 28

hemophilia

Question 29

factor VIII deficiency

Answer 29

Hemophilia a (most common)

Question 30

factor IX deficiency

Answer 30

hemo b

Question 31

how to treat hemophilia?

Answer 31

synth factors, AAV treatments

Question 32

____ prevent platelet binding; other anticoagulant factors

Answer 32

prostacyclin, NO; antithrombin, thrombomodulin, TFPI, Protein S and C

Question 33

breakdown of blood clots

Answer 33

fibrinolysis

Question 34

process of fibrinolysis

Answer 34

convert plasminogen–>plasmin–>break down fibrin