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Phys 208 > Homeostasis/Membrane Potential > Flashcards

Homeostasis/Membrane Potential Flashcards

1
Q

the body’s tendency to maintain relatively constant internal enviro

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

homeostasis is not equilibrium, but it is in a _____ state

A

dynamic steady

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3
Q

what is the response loop?

A

stim–>sensor–>input–>integrate–>output–>target–>response

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4
Q

what is local control and what is an example?

A

restricted to tissue/cell involved; lower O2

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5
Q

wat is reflex control and what is an example of it?

A

long-distance, systemic path using nervous/endocrine system; maintaining BP

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6
Q

___ feedback stabilizes variable, ___ feedback reinforces, ____ control anticipates change

A

negative; positive; feedforward

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7
Q

which feedback loop is homeostatic?

A

negative

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8
Q

example of neg feedback?

A

glucose regulation

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9
Q

ex. of positive feedback?

A

uterine contractions

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10
Q

ex. of feedforward

A

salivation

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11
Q

what is buffer zoe between outside world and cells of body?

A

extracell fluid

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12
Q

what is the ECF-ICF dividing wall?

A

cell membrane

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13
Q

what are the 3 main types of lipids?

A

phospho, sphingo, chol

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14
Q

membrane phosph can form these 3 things:

A

bilayer, micelles, liposomes (aqueous centre)

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15
Q

functions of cell membrane?

A

physical isolation, reg. exchange with enviro, communication between cells and enviro, structure support

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16
Q

these spatially organize signalling cules at mem to promote kinetically favourable interactions necessary for signal transduction

A

lipid rafts

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17
Q

ICF is ___ of body fluid, ECF is ___

A

2/3; 1/3

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18
Q

plasma is ___% of ECF volume, interstitial fluid is __%

A

25; 75

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19
Q

__% BW of water

A

60 (more in M)

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20
Q

mvmt of water across mem in response to solute concentration gradient

A

osmosis (diffusion, channels) –>membrane permeable to water but NOT solutes

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21
Q

the # of particles in given volume of solution (NOT molecules)

A

osmolarity

22
Q

what is molarity?

A

number of moles of solute per L of solution

23
Q

solution that contains > particles/vol than other is ___, the one with less is ___

A

hyperosmotic; hyposmotic

24
Q

solution’s ability to affect cell vol if cell placed in solution and allowed reach equilibrium (osmolarity and nature of solutes)

A

tonicity

25
Q

___ cell loses water at equilibrium; ___ cell gains water

A

hypertonic; hypotonic

26
Q

cell mem impermeable to ____, permeable to ____

A

charged cules, large water soluble cules; small uncharged, water via aquaporins

27
Q

what properties of molecule influence mvmt across mem?

A

size, lipid solubility

28
Q

two types of passive trans?

A

simple, facilitated diffusion

29
Q

2 types active?

A

prim and sec

30
Q

3 types vesicular trans?

A

phago, endo, exo

31
Q

two types epithelial trans?

A

para, transcell

32
Q

diffusion is faster when:

A

[ ] gradient high, short distance, ^ temp, small cules

33
Q

what is Fick’s law?

A

Rate of diff = SA x [ ] gradient x mem permeability

34
Q

types of gated channel proteins?

A

mechanically gated, volt gate, chem gate

35
Q

types of open gated channels?

A

K+, aquaporins

36
Q

ex. of facilitated diffusion by carrier proteins?

A

glucose

37
Q

Xtracell have ^ ___ and v ___

A

Na; K

38
Q

Na-K ATPase is example of:

A

primary active antiport

39
Q

example of secondary symport?

A

Na-glucose

40
Q

3 characteristics of both passive and active carrier transport

A

specificity, competition, saturation

41
Q

____ endocytosis requires ____ coated pits

A

receptor-mediated; clathrin

42
Q

trans from lumen–>ECF is called ___, reverse called ___

A

absorption (trans and para); secretion

43
Q

uses vesicles to cross epithelium when cules too large for reg. epithelial trans

A

transcytosis

44
Q

xample of transcytosis?

A

absorption of maternal antibodies from breast milk

45
Q

membrane potential results from:

A

separation of charges across mem

46
Q

ECF and ICF in state of electrical ____

A

disequilibrium

47
Q

neurons have resting potential of:

A

-60 to -70MV (unequal distribution of ions)

48
Q

4 most abundant ions?

A

Na, Cl, (extracell) K, A- (intracell)

49
Q

how is Vm maintained?

A

K+ background channel, Na-K pump

50
Q

what is Nernst equilibrium potential?

A

function of concentration x electrical charge

51
Q

how to calc driving force?

A

Eion-Vm

52
Q

Na-K pump pushes __ Na out of cell, __ K inside

A

3; 2

Phys 208 (10 decks)

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