Nervous System Flashcards
What system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord?
Central Nervous System(CNS)
What sub-system in the PNS controls voluntary activities such as the activation of skeletal muscles?
Somatic Nervous System
What sub-system of the PNS regulates the activity of the heart and smooth muscle? Aka: involuntary nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System
The nervous system that interprets incoming information is the …?
Central Nervous system
What major subdivision of the nervous system serves as communication lines, linking all parts of the body to the CNS?
Peripheral Nervous System
What supports, insulates and protects cells?
Neuroglia
What transmits electrical messages from one area of the body to another area?
Neurons
What releases neurotransmitters?
Neurons
Which is amitotic(doesn’t divide)?
Neurons/Neuroglia
Neurons
What is responsible for most brain tumors?
Neuroglia
Sensory receptors found in the skin
Cutaneous sense organs
Cells that myelinate the fibers of the neurons found in the PNS
Schwann cells
Junction point of close contact between neurons
Synapse
Neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to the muscles and glands
Efferent neuron
Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery
Afferent neuron
What are the three major functions of the nervous system?
Sensory
Integration
Motor
What are the five types of Neuroglia cell types?
Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia Ependymal Schwann
What do astrocytes do?
Secret chemicals vital to maintenance of the blood-brain barrier
Which cell type is most abundant?
Multipolar
What structure are sensory neurons?
Unipolar
What structure are motor neurons?
Multipolar
What Neuroglia myelinates axons in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
What Neuroglia cell performs protective functions in the CNS?
Microglia
What do ependymal cells do?
Line the central canal of the spinal cord and the chambers of the brain
What ions are necessary for a nerve impulse to occur?
Potassium and sodium
The level at which an action potential of nerve impulse is produced is called…
The threshold
Neurotransmitter that is involved in emotion/mood and sleep patterns. Inhibitory.
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle control
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter that creates a sense of feeling good
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter that makes memories and puts body into high alert
Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitter that reduces pain
Endorphins
What is depolarization?
When the inside of the cell becomes positive
When does depolarization happen?
When sodium channel opens and sodium moves inside cell
How much energy does an animal at rest use to power active transport?
1/3 of it’s energy
