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Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the two main devisions of the nervous system?

A

Central (brain and spine) Peripheral (neurones)

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1
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Sensory division (afferent) & Motor division (efferent)

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2
Q

Sensory division

A

Sends information to the CNS through sensory neurones

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3
Q

Motor division

A

Taken information from the CNS to the target cells through efferent neurones

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4
Q

Autonomic nervous system can be divided into

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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5
Q

The motor division can be further divided into

A

Somatic and autonomic

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6
Q

Somatic

A

Controls voluntary movement

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7
Q

Autonomic

A

Controls involuntary responses

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8
Q

Sympathetic “fight or flight” responses are?

A

Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased blood flow to muscle, inhibits GI peristalsis, bronchial dilation, pupil dilation

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9
Q

In the SNS pre ganglionic neurones are

A

Short

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10
Q

Parasympathetic “rest and digest” responses are

A

Decreased heart rate, increased gut motility, bronchial construction, pupil constriction, gastric acid secretion

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11
Q

In the PSN the pre ganglionic neurones are?

A

Long

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12
Q

Sympathetic neurotransmitters are?

A

Noradrenaline and adrenaline

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13
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitters are

A

Acetylcholine

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14
Q

Ach

A

Released by pre ganglionic neurones of both symp and parasymp NS

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15
Q

Nor

A

Released by symp post ganglionic neurones

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16
Q

Adrenal gland is

A

Derived from neural tissue, secretes mainly Ad but also some Nor (ratio 4:1) stimulated by symp NS

17
Q

The presynaptic neurone releases

A

Neurotransmitters

18
Q

Vesicles

A

Contain/release transmitter

19
Q

Receptors

A

Bind transmitter

20
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A bundle of axons carrying info from the CNS to the rest of the body or from the rest of the body to the CNS

21
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs arise from the brain

22
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 pairs arise from the spinal cord

23
Q

How many lobes does the brain have?

A

4

24
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor cortex-intellect, planning, mood, social judgement

25
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory cortex- general sensation & taste

26
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory cortex

27
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual cortex

28
Q

Precentral gurus

A

Primary motor cortex

29
Q

Post central gurus

A

Primary sensory cortex

30
Q

What are the 3 membranes protecting the brain (meninges)

A

Dura mater (outer) Arachnoid mater (middle) and Pia mater (inner)

31
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Between Pia and arachnoid mater contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

32
Q

How many cervical nerves are there?

A

8

33
Q

How many thoracic?

A

12

34
Q

How many lumbar?

A

5

35
Q

How many sacral?

A

5

36
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Area of the brain-forms the walls and floor of third ventricle, regulating function, closely related to the pituitary gland produces releasing hormones

37
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Part of the arachnoid layer produces CSF

38
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance and posture

39
Q

Nociceptors

A

Are sensitive to the chemical substances releases by damaged cells or tissues

40
Q

What is the pathway for the transfer of sensory information from the Nociceptor to the brain?

A

Nociceptor-dorsal horn of spinal cord-spinothalamic tract-ventral posterior lateral nucleus in the thalamus-sensory cortex

41
Q

In the sensory pathway 1o neurones have a

A

Receptor in the periphery, cell body in the dorsal root ganglion or sensory ganglion in the head

Anatomy (16 decks)

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