Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

0
Q

Epididymis:

A

Tube connecting efferent ducts to vas deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Three functions of the male reproductive system:

A

Production of androgens, production storage and nourishment of male gametes, introduce gametes into female reproductive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bulbourethral gland functions:

A

Attached to urethra, not obstructed by prostate, secretes pre ejaculate to neutralise trace urine and lubricate passage for spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Secrete fluid that makes up 50-70% of semen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vas deferens:

A

Peristalsis during ejaculation propels sperm into urethra, collecting fluids from seminal vesicle and prostate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prostate:

A

Secretes alkaline, milky fluid. Sperm have longer lifespans and motility in prostate secretions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Testes suspended from:

A

Spermatic cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Site of spermatogenesis:

A

Seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Spermatogenesis cycle:

A

Wall of tubule contains Sertoli cells (nutrients): mitosis, meiosis 1, meiosis 2, early and late spermatids, spermatozoa, lumen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spermiogenesis:

A

Spermatids mature into spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Leydig cells secrete:

A

Androgenic steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inhibin secreted by:

A

Sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vas deferens enters abdominal cavity through:

A

Inguinal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oogenesis:

A

Mitosis (completed before birth), meiosis 1 (begins before birth, completes after puberty), meiosis 2 (as released oocyte), meiosis 2 occurs if fertilisation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Female hormonal control. Hypothalamus releases:

A

GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ovaries release:

A

Progesterone, oestrogen and inhibin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

FSH:

A

Stimulates growth of follicles, promotes ovaries to secrete oestrogen, promotors secretion of inhibin by ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ovulation caused by:

A

Spike in LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Formation of corpus luteum caused by:

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Corpus luteum secretes:

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Progesterone prepares body for:

A

Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The Pill inhibits:

A

GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Phagocyte examples:

A

Monocytes in blood, tissue macrophages, neutrophils in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hypothalamus produces _______ hormones:

A

Releasing hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Hypothalamus hormones (x1-7)
GnRH, TRH, PRF, PRIF, CRH, GHRH, SS
25
Posterior pituitary hormones:
ADH, oxytocin
26
Anterior pituitary hormones (x3-6):
TSH, LH, FSH, GH (growth hormone), PRL (prolactin), ACTH
27
Oxytocin (posterior pituitary) to:
Uterine muscles and mammary glands
28
ADH (posterior) to:
Kidney tubules
29
ACTH (anterior pituitary) to:
Adrenal cortex
30
Growth hormone (anterior pituitary):
Entire body
31
Prolactin (anterior pituitary) to:
Mammary glands
32
Endorphins from the _________ go to the _________:
Anterior pituitary to pain receptors in the brain
33
T3/T4 secreted from:
Follicular cavities
34
TSH stimulates breakdown of _______ into _____ and _____
Thyroglobulin into T4 and T3
35
Calcitonin produced:
By C cells in thyroid
36
Calcitonin lowers:
Calcium and phosphate levels in blood
37
Steroid hormones (x3):
Mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex steroids
38
Example of mineralcorticoid:
Aldosterone
39
Example of glucocorticoids:
Cortisone
40
PNS:
Peripheral nervous system
41
PNS contains:
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves
42
CNS comprised of:
Brain, spinal cord
43
Somatic nervous system comprised of:
Motor - skeletal muscle, sensory
44
Autonomic comprised of:
Sympathetic, parasympathetic
45
Components of cerebrum:
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes
46
Frontal lobe functions:
Motor cortex, intellect, planning, mood, social judgment
47
Parietal lobe functions:
Somatosensory cortex, general sensation and taste
48
Temporal lobe functions:
Auditory cortex
49
Occipital lobe function:
Visual cortex
50
Meninges layers (x3):
Under skin, periosteum and skull: dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
51
Between arachnoid and pia mater:
Subarachnoid space, contains cerebrospinal fluid
52
Cranial nerve pairs:
12 pairs
53
Sensory cranial nerves:
Olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear
54
Motor cranial nerves:
Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglassal
55
Both motor and sensory cranial nerves:
Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
56
Sympathetic and parasympathetic NS regulates:
Homeostasis
57
Multipolar neurones receive action potentials through ________ and out of the _________:
Through Cell body and out of the synaptic terminals
58
Blood: plasma percentage:
55%
59
Most abundant plasma protein:
Albumin
60
Albumin (produced and influences):
Produced in liver, influences blood pressure, flow, fluid balance
61
Elements of blood (x9):
Monocytes, platelets, small lymphocytes, large lymphocytes, neutrophil, young neutrophil, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes
62
Haemoglobin structure:
Four protein chains (globins), each with haem group with iron
63
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate:
``` Men = age/2 or lower Female = (age+10)/2 ```
64
Leukocytes (White blood cells):
Granulocytes, agranulocytes
65
Granulocytes in order of most to least:
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
66
Agranulocytes in order of most to least:
Lymphocytes, monocytes
67
Neutrophil functions:
Phagocytosis and bacterial infections
68
Eosinophil functions:
Parasitic infections and allergies such as asthma
69
Basophil functions:
Chicken pox, sinusitis, diabetes
70
Lymphocyte functions:
Infections, immune responses, destroy cancer cells, virally infected cells
71
Monocyte functions:
Become tissue macrophages
72
Platelet functions (x5):
Secrete clotting factors, factors for endothelial repair, vasoconstrictors in broken vessels, form temporary platelet plugs, dissolve old blood clots
73
Red blood cell productions stimulated by:
Erythropoietin
74
Neg feedback of hypoxemia:
Liver and kidneys sense hypoxemia, secrete erythropoietin, stimulate bone marrow
75
Primary Haemostasis:
Temporary platelet plug (platelet adhesion, platelet aggregation)
76
Secondary haemostasis:
Coagulation, stable clot
77
Vascular spasm:
Prompt constriction of a broken vessel
78
Vascular spasm triggered by:
Pain receptors, injury to smooth muscle, platelets release chemical (serotonin)
79
What is produced by the choroid plexus of the ventricles?
Cerebrospinal fluid
80
Blog group A contains antigen and antibody:
A and anti-B
81
Blood group B contains antigen and antibody:
B and anti-A
82
AB contains antigen ___ and antibody ____:
A+B and none
83
O blood antigen _____ and antibody ____:
None and anti A, anti B
84
Fallopian tube structure:
Fimbriae - ampulla - isthmus - uterus
85
Uterus comprised of:
Cervix, body, fundus
86
Bones contains organic and inorganic components. Properties:
Organic: made up of collagen and protein complexes Inorganic: deposition of mineral salts (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate)
87
OsteoBlasts:
Produce new bone, secrete osteoid and are responsible for mineral deposition
88
Osteocytes:
Mature bone cells, located in lacunae, maintain matrix
89
OsteoClasts:
Remove mineral from matrix, responsible for bone remodelling
90
Two types of bone tissue:
Compact and cancellous
91
Compact bone:
Located on surface, resists stress
92
Cancellous bone:
Located interior of bone, also called spongy bone, contains haphazard arrangement of trabeculae and marrow is located in the spaces
93
Bone shapes:
Long, short, flat, irregular
94
Fracture classifications (x6):
Green stick, comminuted, linear, transverse, oblique, spiral
95
Joint types - functional classification (x3):
Synarthrosis (little no movement) Amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable eg intervertebral discs) Diarthroses (freely moveable eg hip)
96
Immune tissues (x6):
Marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatics, blood
97
Immune system tissue cells:
T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, macrophages
98
Immune system molecules:
Lysozyme, chemokines, cytokines
99
How do extra cellular pathogens spread?
Lymphatics/bloodstream
100
How do intra cellular pathogens spread?
Cell to cell contact
101
Innate immunity types:
Physical barriers, anti microbial factors, phagocytes, inflammation/fever
102
Innate immunity of eyes:
Tears, lysozyme
103
Innate immunity of respiratory tract:
Mucus, ciliated epithelium
104
Innate immunity of skin:
Sweat, sebum, shedding, antimicrobials, low pH
105
Innate immunity of GI tract:
Stomach acidity, intestinal pH, mechanical flushing such as vomiting/defecation, normal flora, lysozyme
106
Innate immunity of genitourinary tract:
Urine, vaginal secretions, lysozyme
107
Cytokines innate immunity:
Virus infected cell produces IFN. Triggers anti viral response.
108
T cells production:
Produced in bone marrow, mature in thymus
109
B cells production:
Produced by bone marrow, mature in marrow
110
Molecules recognised by antibodies are called:
Antigens
111
Antigen examples:
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA
112
Kidney blood supply:
Renal arteries enter, veins leave
113
Renin produced by:
Kidney
114
Anterior pituitary releases -trophins:
Somatotrphins, thyrotrophins, corticotrophins, lactotrophins, gonadotropins

Anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions