Digestion & Metabolism Flashcards
Catabolism
Large molecules broken down to small ones-releases energy
Anabolism
Small molecules joined together to form complex structures-uses energy
Gluconeogenesis
The production of glucose from non-carbohydrate molecules
LDLs
Transport cholesterol to tissue e.g blood vessels
HDLs
Remove the cholesterol and return it to liver for elimination
Glycogenesis
Synthesis of glycogen from glucose
Glycogenolysis
Breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Gluconeogenesis
Synthesis of glucose from amino acids
During absorptive state
Blood glucose is high
Insulin
Secreted by the B cells of the pancreas, lowers blood glucose by increasing entry into cells, stimulating glycogenesis, protein & fat synthesis and inhibiting Gluconeogenesis
During post absorptive state
Aim to prevent blood glucose falling
Glucagon
A hormone Secreted by a cells of pancreas stimulate Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis & lipolysis
How many amino acids?
20
Glucagon does what to blood glucose levels?
Increases
How many essential amino acids
8
A carbohydrate stored in the liver
Glucagon
A monosaccharide
Glucose
Promotes glycogen deposition and has anti inflammatory effects
Glucocorticoids
The process by which the cell breaks down glucose to produce ATP
Glycolysis
The follwing hormone stimulates gastic motility and secretion
Gastrin
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach is secreted from the
Parietal cells
The layers of the digestive tract in the correct order from interior to outward are:
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Chief cells secrete
Pepsinogen
Glucose
Simple sugar used by cells for energy
