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A&P > Nervous System 2 > Flashcards

Nervous System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

these function to generate and transmit messages int hr form of nerve impulses or action potentials from one part of the body to another

A

neurons/nerve cells

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2
Q

neuron sending the message

A

presynaptic cell

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3
Q

the other cell besides the presynaptic cell

A

postsynaptic cell

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4
Q

neuronal processes that receive input

A

dendrites

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5
Q

sends impulses (generates and transmits electrical impulses to postsynaptic cell`)

A

axon or nerve fiber

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6
Q

cytoplasm of axon

A

axoplasm

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7
Q

plasmalemma of axon

A

axolemma

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8
Q

small raised area between cell body and beginning of an axon

A

axon hillock

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9
Q

located just beyond the cekk body and beginning of an axon

A

initial segment

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10
Q

neurons form connections between their effectors called

A

synapses

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11
Q

an electrical/ chemical juntion or point of close contact between 2 neurons or a neuron and effector cell

A

synapse

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12
Q

response to a generated and conducted electrical impulse that travels along the length of its axon

A

action potential/ nerve impulse

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13
Q

measure of potential energy generated by separated charge

A

voltage

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14
Q

voltage measured between 2 points

A

potential difference

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15
Q

flow of electrical charge between 2 points

A

current

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16
Q

hindrance to charge flow

A

resistance

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17
Q

substance with high electrical resistance

A

insulator

18
Q

substance with low electrical resistance

A

conductor

19
Q

potential difference across a cell membrane

A

transmembrane potential

20
Q

an unequal distribution of charge across a cell membrane in which the inside membrane is slightly negatice due to a slight excess of negatively charged ions and proteins

A

transmembran potential

21
Q

region that forms a molecular gate and changes shape to open and close to specific signals

A

gated channels (some are chemically gated)

22
Q

protein channels has a specific area that acts as a receptor (binding site) for a specific type of ligand

A

chemically gated channels

23
Q

channel where sodium and potassium are being transported simultaneously in opposite directions

A

antiport

24
Q

channels that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential

A

voltage gated channels

25
Q

channels that open in response to physical deformation of the receptor

A

mechanically gated channels

26
Q

example of mechanically gated channels

A

Meissners Pacinian corpuscles found in integument

27
Q

channles that do not respond to signals and are always open (selective as to the type of ion is allowed to pass through)
ex..

A

leakage or non gated channels

ex K and Na ion leakage channels

28
Q

when ions are diffusing quickly across the membrane after gated channels are open, what creates electrical currents an voltage changes across the membrane

A

electrochemical gradients

29
Q

during chemical concentration gradients, what do the ions do

A

diffuse passively from higher concentration area to a lower concentration area; moving towar an area with opposite electrical charge

30
Q

transmembrane potential of a cell at rest, all neural activities begin with a charge from this

A

resting potential

31
Q

temporary. localized change in resting potential due to typical stimulus, decreases w/ distance from the stimulus

A

graded potential

32
Q

electrical event involving one location of axonal membrane, can be triggered by large graded potential, propagated along axon surface toward synaptic terminals

A

action potential

33
Q

potential difference between 2 points can be measured by using what

A

voltmeter

34
Q

how is potential across the membrane of a neuron measured

A

by sticking a microelectrod inside the neuron and other in the interstitial fluid

35
Q

average potential difference of a neuron at rest

A

-70 mV (neg means cytoplasmic side of membrane is neg)

36
Q

which is most permeable: Na or K

A

potassium, 75x more

37
Q

go back to slide

A

13

38
Q

when a stimulus causes the membrane potential to increase (becomes more neg)

A

hyperpolarization

39
Q

what is essential in initiating action potentials which are the long distance signals

A

graded potential

40
Q

total amplitude during action potential

A

100mV`

41
Q

what opens when sodium ions rush to the cell

A

sodium channels

42
Q

revisit slide 17

A

slide 17

A&P (9 decks)

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