Nervous System 2

Question 1

these function to generate and transmit messages int hr form of nerve impulses or action potentials from one part of the body to another

Answer 1

neurons/nerve cells

Question 2

neuron sending the message

Answer 2

presynaptic cell

Question 3

the other cell besides the presynaptic cell

Answer 3

postsynaptic cell

Question 4

neuronal processes that receive input

Answer 4

dendrites

Question 5

sends impulses (generates and transmits electrical impulses to postsynaptic cell`)

Answer 5

axon or nerve fiber

Question 6

cytoplasm of axon

Answer 6

axoplasm

Question 7

plasmalemma of axon

Answer 7

axolemma

Question 8

small raised area between cell body and beginning of an axon

Answer 8

axon hillock

Question 9

located just beyond the cekk body and beginning of an axon

Answer 9

initial segment

Question 10

neurons form connections between their effectors called

Answer 10

synapses

Question 11

an electrical/ chemical juntion or point of close contact between 2 neurons or a neuron and effector cell

Answer 11

synapse

Question 12

response to a generated and conducted electrical impulse that travels along the length of its axon

Answer 12

action potential/ nerve impulse

Question 13

measure of potential energy generated by separated charge

Answer 13

voltage

Question 14

voltage measured between 2 points

Answer 14

potential difference

Question 15

flow of electrical charge between 2 points

Answer 15

current

Question 16

hindrance to charge flow

Answer 16

resistance

Question 17

substance with high electrical resistance

Answer 17

insulator

Question 18

substance with low electrical resistance

Answer 18

conductor

Question 19

potential difference across a cell membrane

Answer 19

transmembrane potential

Question 20

an unequal distribution of charge across a cell membrane in which the inside membrane is slightly negatice due to a slight excess of negatively charged ions and proteins

Answer 20

transmembran potential

Question 21

region that forms a molecular gate and changes shape to open and close to specific signals

Answer 21

gated channels (some are chemically gated)

Question 22

protein channels has a specific area that acts as a receptor (binding site) for a specific type of ligand

Answer 22

chemically gated channels

Question 23

channel where sodium and potassium are being transported simultaneously in opposite directions

Answer 23

antiport

Question 24

channels that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential

Answer 24

voltage gated channels

Question 25

channels that open in response to physical deformation of the receptor

Answer 25

mechanically gated channels

Question 26

example of mechanically gated channels

Answer 26

Meissners Pacinian corpuscles found in integument

Question 27

channles that do not respond to signals and are always open (selective as to the type of ion is allowed to pass through) ex..

Answer 27

leakage or non gated channels | ex K and Na ion leakage channels

Question 28

when ions are diffusing quickly across the membrane after gated channels are open, what creates electrical currents an voltage changes across the membrane

Answer 28

electrochemical gradients

Question 29

during chemical concentration gradients, what do the ions do

Answer 29

diffuse passively from higher concentration area to a lower concentration area; moving towar an area with opposite electrical charge

Question 30

transmembrane potential of a cell at rest, all neural activities begin with a charge from this

Answer 30

resting potential

Question 31

temporary. localized change in resting potential due to typical stimulus, decreases w/ distance from the stimulus

Answer 31

graded potential

Question 32

electrical event involving one location of axonal membrane, can be triggered by large graded potential, propagated along axon surface toward synaptic terminals

Answer 32

action potential

Question 33

potential difference between 2 points can be measured by using what

Answer 33

voltmeter

Question 34

how is potential across the membrane of a neuron measured

Answer 34

by sticking a microelectrod inside the neuron and other in the interstitial fluid

Question 35

average potential difference of a neuron at rest

Answer 35

-70 mV (neg means cytoplasmic side of membrane is neg)

Question 36

which is most permeable: Na or K

Answer 36

potassium, 75x more

Question 37

go back to slide

Answer 37

13

Question 38

when a stimulus causes the membrane potential to increase (becomes more neg)

Answer 38

hyperpolarization

Question 39

what is essential in initiating action potentials which are the long distance signals

Answer 39

graded potential

Question 40

total amplitude during action potential

Answer 40

100mV`

Question 41

what opens when sodium ions rush to the cell

Answer 41

sodium channels

Question 42

revisit slide 17

Answer 42

slide 17