Axial Muscles

Question 1

What is an example of a muscle pair that is arranged in pairs that have opposing actions?

Answer 1

Flexors and extensors

Abductors and addicted

Question 2

What are the 4 functional groups?

Answer 2

Prime movers (agonist)
Antagonists
Synergists
Fixator

Question 3

What is an agonist?

Answer 3

A prime mover

Responsible for producing a particular movement

Question 4

Muscle that perform the reverse activity of a prime mover

Also prevent overshooting of movement-help slows prime mover

Answer 4

Antagonist

Question 5

Group of muscles that work together to create a precise or steady movement

Answer 5

Synergists

Question 6

Specialized synergist that immobilizes the origin of a prime mover so that all tension is exerted at the insertion

Answer 6

Fixator

Question 7

Meaty portion of the muscle between tendons

Composed of fascicles and perimysium

Answer 7

Belly

Question 8

Fascicles are arranged in a circular pattern of concentric rings usually around external openings to the body

Answer 8

Sphincters

Question 9

Name an example of a sphincter

Answer 9

Eyes

Mouth

Question 10

Broad origin and their fascicles converge onto a single tendon that inserts onto the bone

Answer 10

Convergent muscles

Question 11

Has fascicles running along the long axis of the muscle

Can be spindle shaped or flat strap

Answer 11

Parallel muscles

Question 12

Name an example of a flat strap and spindle shaped parallel muscle

Answer 12

Spindle- biceps brachii

Flat- neck

Question 13

Has short fascicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon
(Feather like arrangement of fascicles)

Answer 13

Pennate muscles

Question 14

Unipennate

Answer 14

Fascicles insert on one side of tendon

Question 15

Bipennate

Answer 15

Fascicles insert the tendon from opposite sides

Question 16

Multipennate

Answer 16

Muscles look like several feathers grouped together that join 1 tendon

Question 17

What are levers?

Answer 17

Bones

Question 18

Levers moved on a fixed point

Answer 18

Fulcrum

A joint

Question 19

What 3 ways can change the applied force?

Answer 19

Direction
Distance/sipped of movement
Effective strength

Question 20

Effort farther than load from fulcrum

Answer 20

Mechanical advantage

Question 21

Effort nearer than the load to fulcrum

Answer 21

Mechanical disadvantage

Question 22

Applied force and resistance are on opposite sides of the fulcrum
Example..

Answer 22

First class
Scissors and see saws

Question 23

Resistance lies between the applied force and the fulcrum
These are the power levers
Example..

Answer 23

Second class
When you carry a wheelbarrow or stand on your toes

Question 24

Force is applied between the resistance and the fulcrum

Example..

Answer 24

Third class
Operate with speed

Question 25

fibers run parallel to the midline

Example

Answer 25

Rectus

Rectus femoris

Question 26

Perpendicular to the midline

Example

Answer 26

Transverse

Transverse abdominis

Question 27

Diagonal to the midline

Example

Answer 27

Oblique

External Oblique

Question 28

Triangular

Answer 28

Deltoid

Question 29

Trapezoid

Answer 29

Trapezius

Question 30

Serratus

Answer 30

Saw toothed

Question 31

Diamond shaped

Answer 31

Rhomboideus

Question 32

Circular

Answer 32

Orbicularis

Question 33

Comblike

Answer 33

Pectinate

Question 34

Pear shaped

Answer 34

Piriform

Question 35

Flat

Answer 35

Platys

Question 36

Square

Answer 36

Quadratus

Question 37

Slender

Answer 37

Gracilis

Question 38

Makes a body part rigid

Answer 38

Tensor

Question 39

Decreases size of opening

Answer 39

Sphincter

Question 40

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 40

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

Question 41

Prime movers of jaw closure

Answer 41

Masseter

Temporal is