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A&P > Nervous System 1 > Flashcards

Nervous System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of nervous system

A

Directs bodily activities
Maintains homeostasis
Circulates info
Thought action learning emotion

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2
Q

What does the nervous system include?

A

All neural tissues in the body

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3
Q

What are the thee main overlapping functions?

A

Sensory, motor, integrative functions

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4
Q

This function component uses millions of sensory receptors of different types to monitor changes both inside and outside the body

A

Sensory

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5
Q

Changes both inside and outside of the body

A

Stimuli

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6
Q

Information gathered by sensory receptors (conveyed to integration center)

A

Sensory input

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7
Q

What can be receptors?

A

Glands, skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles or smooth muscle

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8
Q

2 major anatomical subdivisions

A

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

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9
Q

System with brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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10
Q

System that includes every nervous tissue except brain and spinal cord

A

PNS

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11
Q

What is the PNS divided into?

A

Sensory (afferent)

Motor (efferent)

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12
Q

output comes in 2 forms

A

autonomic

somatic

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13
Q

output refers to voluntary movement (ex contraction of skeletal muscle)

A

somatic

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14
Q

ouput refers to motor to the viscera and isnt under voluntary control

A

autonomic (ANS)

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15
Q

out put that conducts impulses from CNS to cardiac muscle comprising the heart

A

autonomic

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16
Q

output that contraction of skeletal muscles

A

somatic

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17
Q

output that the smooth muscle in walls of hollow organs and to glands which produce various types of secretions

A

autonomic

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18
Q

division of ANS that accelerates and mobilizes the body’s organ systems

A

sympathetic division of ANS

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19
Q

division of ANS that converses energy, promotes housekeeping, functions at rest.

A

parasympathetic

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20
Q

basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system

A

neurons

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21
Q

function of neurons

A

recieve process generate stimuli

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22
Q

supportive cells of the nervous system that separate and protect neurons (ratio 10:1)

A

neuroglia (literally means neuron glue)

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23
Q

what can be formed from neuroglia

A

brain tumors (gliomas)

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24
Q

which system is neuroglia found?

A

CNS and PNS

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25
Q

what neuroglia cells does the CNS include

A

astocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

26
Q

neuroglia cell that is most numerous and indispensible

A

astrocytes (look like stars)

27
Q

what do astrocytes assist in health?

A

metabolism of neurotransmitters

maintain K levels (so neurons can generate action potentials)

28
Q

neuroglia that assists in creating blood brain barrier, obtains nutrients and gets rid of wastes by connecting with blood vessels

A

astrocytes

29
Q

neuroglia that are small phagocytic cells derived from circulating blood monoytes
aka defensive cells in CNS

A

microglia

30
Q

nueuroglia cells that help destroy invading pathogenic organisms or clear out cellular debris

A

microglia

31
Q

cells that have several branches and produce insulating myelin sheaths of CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

32
Q

ciliated cells that line spaces in the brain 9(ventricles) and central canal

A

ependymal cells

33
Q

neurilemmocyte that produces the myelin sheath of the PNS

A

schwann cell and satelite cells

34
Q

outer surface of the schwann cell

A

neurilemma

35
Q

cells that surround/support the ganglia; regulare the environment around the neuron cell bodies

A

satelite cells

36
Q

clusters of neuron cell bodies occuring in the PNS

A

ganglia

37
Q

why is myelination important

A

speeds up transmission

38
Q

insulating layer of lipid combined iwht protein

A

myelin

39
Q

a flip flop of positive and negative chard on the inside and outside of the axon membrane

A

depolarization

40
Q

area on an axon that that lacks myelin

A

nodes

41
Q

what does an action potential do when it comes to a node? called?

A

it “jumps” called saltatory conduction

42
Q

an autoimmune disorder in which cells of the immune system fail to recognize the myelin as self and begins attacking it (demyelinating disease)

A

multiple sclerosis

43
Q

when an axon branches as it approaches the post synaptic cells, they give off collaterals called

A

telodendria

44
Q

a site of communication between 2 excitable cells

A

synapse

45
Q

transport in the wrong direction

A

retrograde

46
Q

transport that occurs in both directions

A

axoplasmic

47
Q

small neurons with no visible distinction between axons and dendrites

A

anaxonic neurons

48
Q

thses neurons occur in special sense organs (sight, smell, hearing)

A

bipolar neurons

49
Q

neurons that have dendrite and axon that are continuous (fused) and the cell body lies off to one side

A

unipolar neurons

50
Q

neurons that have 2 or more dendrites and one axon; most common

A

multipolar neurons

51
Q

neurons that conduct impulses from the skin muscle or viscera to the CNS

A

sensory or afferent neurons

52
Q

sensory receptors that monitor the digestive, resp, cardio, urinary, and reproductive system

A

interoceptors

53
Q

sensory receptors that proved info about the exter environment

A

exteroreceptors

54
Q

sensory receptors that monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints

A

proprioceptors

55
Q

neurons that complete the communication pathway between sensory and motor neurons

A

association neurons

56
Q

where do the association cell bodies lie

A

CNS

57
Q

neurons can be repaired under these conditions

A
  • schwann cells are still active and intact

- cell body (soma) is undamaged

58
Q

when the nucleus migrates to the periphery and Nissl bodies break down in a process

A

chromatolysis

59
Q

axon distal to the site of injury degenerates along with myeling sheath

A

wallerian degeneration

60
Q

what cells go to the site of degeneration to clean out debris

A

macrophages

61
Q

regeneration of an injured axon involves synthesis of new

A

nissl bodies (as well as mRNA and rRNA)

62
Q

what begins to multiply mitotically and form a tuve that bridges across the injured area

A

neurilemmocytes

A&P (9 decks)

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