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1.1 ANAPHY > NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

external and internal
stimuli

A

Receiving sensory input

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2
Q

Processed by the spinal
cord and brain from the
sensory input

A

Integration

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2
Q

generates response from
the stimuli by sending
signals to muscles and
glands

A

Control motor output

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3
Q

Maintain a constant
internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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4
Q

receives and transmits signals
called action potential
most neurons are amitotics
high metabolic rate

A

NEURONS

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5
Q

sensory or afferent neuron (to CNS)
found in peripheral nervous system

A

UNIPOLAR

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5
Q

center of consciousness,
memory and thinking

A

Mental activity

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5
Q

found in eyes and nose or sensory organs

A

BIPOLAR

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5
Q

motor or efferent neurons (from cns)
found in central nervous systems

A

MULTIPOLAR

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6
Q

Also called as neuroglia that provide
support and protection for neurons
in the nervous system
found in CNS and PNS

A

GLIAL CELSS

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6
Q

interpret sensory information and issue instructions based
on past experience and current conditions

A

CNS

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6
Q

communicates with cns by linking impulses from sensory
receptors to CNS and by carrying information from the
CNS to muscles and glands

A

PNS

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6
Q

production and movement of csf
cushions the cns
found in ventricles and canals of the
cns

A

EPENDYMAL CELLS

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7
Q

most abundant
regulate neuronal communication
maintain blood brain barrier
helps limit damage to neuronal tissues
assist in repair after a cns injury

A

ASTROCYTES

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7
Q

wrap and insulate neurons that form the
myelin sheaths

A

OLIGODENDROCYTES

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7
Q

resident immune cells of the cns
removes cell debris or damaged neurons
and pathogens

A

MICROGLIA

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7
Q

single cells surrounding cell
bodies

A

satelitte

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7
Q

single cells surrounding axons

A

schwann cells

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7
Q

form myelin sheaths around
axons or enclose
UNmyelinated axons in PNS

A

schwann cells

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7
Q

support neurons, providing
nutrients; protect neurons from
heavy metal poisons.

A

satelitte

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7
Q

it is the junction or connection between
two neurons such as muscle or gland cell.
allows electrical or chemical transmission
from one cell to another.

A

SYNAPSE

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7
Q

occurs during signal or impulse transmission to the
other neurons
it is a change in the electrical charge of a cell
membrane

A

ACTION POTENTIAL

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7
Q

typically other
neurons, muscle cells, or gland cells

A

POSTSYNAPTIC TERMINAL:

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7
Q

release
neurotransmitters.

A

PRESYNAPTIC TERMINAL:

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8
Q

Long tubular bundle of nervous
tissue; protected by bony vertebral column, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

A

SC

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8
Q

Extends from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull to lumbar region

A

SC

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8
Q

receive infos from brain’s motor cortex to skeletal
muscles for voluntary movement

A

Anterior or ventral horns:

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8
Q

the spinal cord is consists of;
afferent, efferent fibers

A

WHITE MATTER;

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8
Q

the spinal cord is consists of;
has collection of
neuron cell bodies

A

GRAY MATTER;

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8
Q

take sensory information, and sends it to brain’s
sensory cortex

A

Posterior or dorsal horns:

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8
Q

help regulate processes like urination, digestion, heart
rate (sns

A

Lateral horns:

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8
Q

main components OF DIENCEPHALON;

A

thalamus, epithalamus,
hypothalamus

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9
Q

responsible for coordinating,
planning, executing
movements; balance and
posture

A

CEREBELLUM

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9
Q

found between the brainstem and cerebrum

A

DIENCEPHALON

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9
Q

the largest and relay station

A

1.THALAMUS:

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9
Q

involved in emotional and
intuitive response

A

EPITHALAMUS:

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10
Q

homeostasis center,control body temp, hunger, thirst, sexual arousal behaviors

A

HYPOTHALAMUS:

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11
Q

largest part of brain
has left and right
hemispheres

A

CEREBRUM

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11
Q

each hemisphere is divided
into lobes

A

FRONTAL, PARIETAL, OCCIPITAL, TEMPORAL

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12
Q

sensory speech area in
parietal lobe

A

Wernicke area

13
Q

motor speech area in
frontal lobe

A

Broca area

14
Q

protection of the central nervous system

fluid- filled cavities

A

VENTRICLES

14
Q

damage to speech
area

A

*aphasia-

14
Q

protection of the central nervous system

A

1.MENIGES
a. Dura Mater; outermost layer
b.Arachnoid Mater; middle layer
c.Pia Mater; innermost layer

14
Q

found in crebral hemisphere

A

a. Lateral ventricle;

14
Q

at the base of cerebellum and central canal in the spinal cord

A

c. Fourth ventricle;

14
Q

found in diencephalon

A

b. Third ventricle;

15
Q

clear, colorless, watery fluid that flows around the brain and spinal cord

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

16
Q

provides a protective cushion to
the CNS

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

16
Q

MOTOR DIVISION TYPES

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
ENTERIC NS

16
Q

efferent; away from the CNS

A

MOTOR DIVISION

17
Q

2 DIVISIONS; ANS

A

sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

17
Q

examples; ENS

A

peristalsis, secretions, stretching of
digestive tract

17
Q

PERIpheral NERVOUS SYSTEM
afferent; toward the CNS

A
17
Q

protects against shock or head
injury

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

17
Q

neuron endings that detects the external
and internal stimuli
distributed all around the body

A

sensory receptors

18
Q
  • are means by which brain receives information about the environment and the body.
A

SENSES

18
Q
  • the process initiated by stimulating sensory receptors and perception.
A

SENSATION

18
Q

have receptors distributed over a large part of the body.
divided into two groups;

A

THE GENERAL SENSES
SOMATIC SENSES and VISCERAL SENSES

18
Q

provide sensory information about the body (skin, muscle, bone, joints) and the environment.

A

SOMATIC SENSES:

18
Q

provide information about various internal organs (heart, lungs, stomach bladder), primarily involving pain and pressure.

A

VISCERAL SENSES:

18
Q

referred to as “gut brain” due to it’s ability to
function independently of the CNS

A

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

18
Q

has complex network of neurons located in the
walls of gastrointestinal tract

A

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

18
Q

receptors are more specialized in structure ad are localized to specific parts of the body.

A

Special senses

18
Q

Special senses

A

smell, taste, vision, hearing, balance

18
Q
  • protects eyes from perspiration from forehead to eyes
A

Eyebrows

18
Q

2.Eyelids -

A

palpebral fissure canthi
medial canthus

18
Q
  • a thin mucous membrane, helps lubricate the surface of eyes.
A

Conjunctiva

18
Q
  • consist of lacrimal glands that produces tears
    lacrimal gland
A
  1. Lacrimal apparatus
19
Q

complete or partial absence of perception of one or more colors; red, green, blue

A

COLOR BLINDNESS

20
Q

one pigment is dysfunctional and the other two is functional. (red- green color blindness

A

Dichromatism -

20
Q

consist of 3 small bones or ossicles

A

MIDDLE EAR

21
Q

consist of 3 small bones or ossicles MIDDLE EAR

A

Malleus/ Hammer
Incus/ Anvil
Stapes/ stirrup

22
Q

as sound vibrations is transmitted mechanically
though the ossicles, it is amplified 22 times

A

MIDDLE EAR

22
Q

responsible for equalizing external and internal
air pressure on the tympanic membrane

A
22
Q

Rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli.


A

Reflexes

23
Q

occur over neural pathways called reflex arcs.

A

Reflexes

24
Q

Two types of reflexes

A

SOMATIC, AUTONOMIC

24
Q

Reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles

A

Somatic reflexes

24
Q

Involuntary, although skeletal mmuscle is normally under voluntary control

A

Somatic reflexes

25
Q

Example: pulling your hand away from a hot object.

A

Somatic reflexes

25
Q

Regulate the activity of smooth muscles, the heart, and glands.


A

Autonomic reflexes

26
Q

Example: regulation of smooth smucles, heart and blood pressure, glands, digestive system.

A

Autonomic reflexes

26
Q

Attached to the outside of the eyeball and enable the eyes to move in all directions of sight.

A

Extrinsic muscles of the eye

27
Q
  • Six extraocular eye muscles and one muscle that controls movement in the upper eyelid.
A

Extrinsic muscles of the eye
Superior rectus - upward movement
Inferior rectus downward movement
Lateral rectus - outward movement
Medial rectus - inward movement
Superior oblique - downward and outward
Inferior oblique - upward and outward

27
Q

Are protection against invasion of microorganisms into the eye.
Screening out damaging ultraviolet
(UV) wavelength in sunlight.

A

Cornea

27
Q
  • It helps maintain your eyeball’s shape, and protects it from injury.
A

Sclera

27
Q

It is covered by conjunctiva, which are clear mucus membranes that lubricate (moisturize) your eye.

A

Sclera

28
Q

Thin brown tissue
Provides nutrients and oxygen to the retina.

A

Choroid

28
Q

Thick tissue inside the eye composed of ciliary processes and muscles
Continuous with the choroid behind and the iris in front

A

Ciliary body

28
Q
  • Colored portion of the eye positioned between the cornea and the lens
A

Iris

29
Q

It converts light that enters into your eye into electrical signals your optic nerve sends to your brain which creates the images you see.

A

Retina

29
Q

Thin, semitransparent, multilayered sheet of neural tissue.

A

Retina

30
Q

Two parts of RETINA

A

Macula retina
Peripheral retina

31
Q

(the center of your retina and processes most of what you’re directly looking at)


A

Macula retina

31
Q

(anything you can see that’s not directly in front of where you’re looking.)

A

Peripheral retina

31
Q

A cloudy lens scatters light, causing “hazy” vision

A

CATARACT

32
Q

Aqueous pressure build-up damages the optic nerve

A

GLAUCOMA

1.1 ANAPHY (10 decks)

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