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1.1 ANAPHY > DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

 —taking in food
- mouth to esophagus

A

INGESTION

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2
Q

 —breaking food into nutrient molecules
- mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach

A

DIGESTION

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2
Q

continuous, coiled, hollow tub that runs through the ventral cavity from
stomach to anu

A

Alimentary canal (gastrointestinal or GI
tract)—

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2
Q

 Include teeth, tongue, and several large digestive
organs
 Assist digestion in various way

A

Accessory digestive organs

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2
Q

 —excretes to rid the body of
indigestible waste
- rectum to anuS

A

DEFECATION

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2
Q

 —movement of nutrients into the
bloodstream
- small intestine: nutrient - large intestine: water

A

ABSORPTION

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2
Q

ALIMENTARY CANAL

A

Mouth
 Pharynx
 Esophagus (MAPLESS)
 Stomach
 Small intestine
 Large intestine
 Anu
MPESSLA

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3
Q

 Runs from pharynx to stomach through the diaphragm
About 10 inches long

A

ESOPHAGUS

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3
Q

 Passageway for food only (respiratory system
branches off after the pharynx)

A

ESOPHAGUS

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3
Q

Innermost, moist membrane consisting of:
 Surface epithelium

A

MUCOSA

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3
Q

 Food passes from the mouth posteriorly into the:

A

 Oropharynx—posterior to oral cavity
 Laryngopharynx—below the oropharynx and
continuous with the esophagus

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3
Q

 Mucosa in the stomach and intestine

A

absorbs and
secretes

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3
Q

Conducts food by peristalsis (slow rhythmic squeezing) to the stomach

A

ESOPHAGUS

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3
Q

 Lines the cavity (known as the LUMEN

A

MUCOSA

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3
Q

Serves as a passageway for foods, fluids, and air

A

PHARYNX

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3
Q

Mucosa in mouth and esophagus:

A

resist abrasions

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3
Q

 Soft connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve
endings, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and
lymphatic vessel
 Just beneath the mucosa

A

Submucosa

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3
Q

 For movement and secretion of the tract
 Inner circular layer
 Outer longitudinal layer

A

Muscularis externa—smooth muscle

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3
Q

contains fluid-producing cells of SEROSA

A

 Visceral peritoneum—innermost layer that is
continuous with the outermost layer
 Parietal peritoneum—outermost layer that lines the
abdominopelvic cavity by way of the mesentery

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3
Q

—outermost layer of the wall; contains fluid-producing cells

A

Serosa

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3
Q

 C-shaped organ located on the left side of the
abdominal cavity

A

Stomach

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3
Q

—travels down the left side

A

 Descending

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3
Q

 Food enters at the ___
from the esophagus

A

cardio esophageal sphincter Stomach

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4
Q

 —expanded portion lateral to the cardiac
region

A

Fundus

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4
Q

produce mucus and protects stomach lining

A

Surface mucous cells-

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4
Q

 Food empties into the small intestine at the
____ (valve

A

pyloric sphincter
Stomach

4
Q

internal folds of the mucosa present when the
stomach is empt

4
Q

 Body—midportion
 Greater curvature is the ____
 Lesser curvature is the ____

A

convex lateral surface
concave medial surface

4
Q

—near the heart and surrounds the
cardioesophageal sphincter

A

Cardial (cardia)

4
Q

 Double layer of the peritoneum
 Extends from liver to the lesser curvature of sto

A

Lesser omentum
VENTRAL MESENTERY

4
Q

—funnel-shaped terminal end

4
Q

produce protein-digesting enzymes
(pepsinogens)

A

 Chief cells—

4
Q

produce thin acidic mucus (different from the mucus produced by mucous cells of the mucosa)

A

 Mucous neck cells—

4
Q

produce local hormones such
as gastrin

A

 Enteroendocrine cells—

4
Q

 Temporary storage tank and a mixing chamber of food
 Site of food breakdown
 Chemical breakdown of protein begins (pepsin)
 Delivers chyme (processed food) to the sm

4
Q

Fat insulates, cushions, and protects abdominal organs
 Another extension of the peritoneum
 Covers the abdominal organs

A

Greater omentum
DORSAL MESENTERY

4
Q

produce hydrochloric acid that activates enzymes

A

 Parietal cells—

5
Q

—S-shaped region; enters the pelvis

A

 Sigmoid

5
Q

 Larger in diameter, but shorter in length at 1.5 m,
than the small intestine
 Extends from the ileocecal valve to t

A

Large Intestine

5
Q

 Collections of lymphatic tissue
 Located in submucosa
 Increase in number toward the end of the small
intestine
 More are needed there because remaining food
residue contains

A

Peyer’s patches

5
Q

saclike first part of the large intestine

5
Q

—travels up right side of abdomen and makes a turn at the right colic (hepatic) flexure

A

 Ascending

5
Q

 Muscular tube extending from the pyloric
sphincter to the ileocecal valve
 Suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by
the mesenterY

A

SMALL INTESTINE

5
Q

The body’s major digestive organ
 Longest portion of the alimentary tube (2–4 m, or 7–13 feet, in a living person)
 Site of nutrient absorption into the blood

A

SMALL INTESTINE

5
Q

 opening of the large intestine

5
Q

 Hangs from the cecum
 Accumulation of lymphoid tissue that sometimes
becomes inflamed (appendicitis)

A

 Appendix

5
Q

—travels across the abdominal cavity and turns at the left colic (splenic) flexure

A

 Transverse

5
Q

 These sphincters are normally closed except during
___
 The large intestine delivers indigestible food
residues to the body’s exterior

A

defecation

5
Q

 formed by smooth muscle and is involuntary

A

Internal anal sphincter—

6
Q

Gastrin
Stomach

A
  • Stimulates release of gastric juice
  • Stimulates stomach emptying
6
Q

 formed by skeletal muscle
and is voluntary

A

External anal sphincter—

6
Q

Intestinal gastrin
Duodenum

A
  • Stimulates gastric secretion and emptying
7
Q

Somatostatin
Stomach and
duodenum

A
  • Inhibits secretion of gastric juice and pancreatic juice
  • Inhibits emptying of stomach and gallbladder
7
Q

Histamine
Stomach

A
  • Activates parietal cells to secrete hydrochloric acid
8
Q

Secretin
Duodenum

A
  • Increases output of pancreatic juice rich in
    bicarbonate ions
  • Increases bile output by liver
  • Inhibits gastric mobility and gastric gland
    secretion
8
Q

Cholecystokinin
(CCK)

Duodenum

A
  • Increases output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice
  • Stimulates gallbladder to expel stored bile
  • Relaxes sphincter of duodenal papilla to allow bile
    and pancreatic juice to enter the duodenum
8
Q

Gastric inhibitory
peptide (GIP

A
  • Inhibits secretion of gastric juice
  • Stimulates insulin release

1.1 ANAPHY (11 decks)

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