Nervous System

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

functional cell type

Question 2

nervous system

Answer 2

collection of neurons that operate in a coordinated manner

Question 3

dendrite

Answer 3

conducts an electrical signal from dendrite to axon terminal

Question 4

cell body

Answer 4

part with nucleus

Question 5

axon

Answer 5

long tubular extension of plasma membrane.

Question 6

axon terminal

Answer 6

base of the axon. plasma membrane flares to create a number of sites for information transfer.

Question 7

electrically excitable cell

Answer 7

an electrical signal can be conducted from the dendrite to the axon terminal.

Question 8

polarized cell

Answer 8

charge changes through the cell

Question 9

membrane potential

Answer 9

most cells are negative inside relative to the outside

Question 10

depolarization

Answer 10

membrane potential moves from negative to positive

Question 11

action potential

Answer 11

a wave of depolarization

Question 12

hyperpolarize

Answer 12

membrane potential goes back to original 70

Question 13

synapse

Answer 13

the space between two neurons

Question 14

electrical synapse

Answer 14

cells linked by gap junctions

Question 15

gap junction

Answer 15

space between two neurons

Question 16

chemical synapse

Answer 16

neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis from pre-synaptic cells and opens an ion channel on the post-synaptic cell

Question 17

neurotransmitter

Answer 17

low weight hydrophilic chemical signals. cannot move across the plasma membrane on the post-synaptic cell.

Question 18

exocytosis

Answer 18

bubble opens to plasma membrane and neurotransmitter is released.

Question 19

excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 19

if the neurotransmitter causes the post-synaptic cell to depolarize

Question 20

inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 20

if the neurotransmitter causes the post-synaptic cell to hyperpolarize

Question 21

sensory neuron

Answer 21

transmits information about external stimuli as detected by sensory organs

Question 22

interneuron

Answer 22

neurons found in circuits that are involced in the analysis and interpretation of sensory input

Question 23

motor neuron

Answer 23

transmits information to muscles and glands

Question 24

reflex

Answer 24

from motor neurons

Question 25

cephalization

Answer 25

neurons concentrating in the anterior CNS

Question 26

central nervous system

Answer 26

from cephalization

Question 27

myelinated neuron

Answer 27

cell with myelin. conduct action potentials at a fast rate.

Question 28

unmyelinated neuron

Answer 28

shorter and conduct action potentials at a normal rate.

Question 29

neuroglia

Answer 29

non-electrically excitable cells that serve a support role

Question 30

oligodendrocyte

Answer 30

myelinated neurons in CNS

Question 31

ependymal cell

Answer 31

form the surface of the ventricles

Question 32

satellite cell

Answer 32

provide nutrients to neurons in the PNS

Question 33

schwann cell

Answer 33

myelinates neurons in the PNS

Question 34

astrocyte

Answer 34

makes the blood-brain barrier.

Question 35

neural tube

Answer 35

embryonic structure that develope into the brain and spinal cord.

Question 36

notochord

Answer 36

forms from mesoderm cells after gastrulation. causes neural tube to form.

Question 37

brain

Answer 37

consumes 20% of )2

Question 38

somite (vertebra)

Answer 38

the bone part. separated by vertebral discs

Question 39

spinal cord

Answer 39

your whole vertebral system

Question 40

peripheral nervous system

Answer 40

nerves outside the CNS.

Question 41

ventricles

Answer 41

4 of them

Question 42

ventricular fluid

Answer 42

flows over the surface of the brain and to the lateral ventricles to complete the circulatory system.

Question 43

somatic pns

Answer 43

nerve tracts originating from the brain. voluntary movement. senses.

Question 44

autonomic pns

Answer 44

involuntary muscle movement.

Question 45

sympathetic pns

Answer 45

emergency functions

Question 46

parasympathetic pns

Answer 46

housekeeping functions

Question 47

cerebral hemisphere=cerebrum

Answer 47

responsible for skeletal (voluntary) muscle contraction, learning, memory, emotion, and perception

Question 48

diencephalon

Answer 48

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Question 49

thalamus

Answer 49

relay center for sensory input heading to the cerebrum

Question 50

hypothalamus

Answer 50

body temperature, appetite, pituitary gland,

Question 51

epithalamus

Answer 51

location of pineal gland, source of melatonin for sleep

Question 52

cerebellum

Answer 52

movement and balance, important in learning and remembering motor skills.

Question 53

brain stem

Answer 53

control of automatic functions: breathing, swallowing, digestion, heart rate, blood pressure

Question 54

cranial nerves

Answer 54

12 pairs of nerves that pass from the brain to areas of the head, neck, chest, and abdomen.

Question 55

vertebral disc

Answer 55

separates vertebrae.