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Physiological Systems > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

functional cell type

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2
Q

nervous system

A

collection of neurons that operate in a coordinated manner

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3
Q

dendrite

A

conducts an electrical signal from dendrite to axon terminal

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4
Q

cell body

A

part with nucleus

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5
Q

axon

A

long tubular extension of plasma membrane.

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6
Q

axon terminal

A

base of the axon. plasma membrane flares to create a number of sites for information transfer.

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7
Q

electrically excitable cell

A

an electrical signal can be conducted from the dendrite to the axon terminal.

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8
Q

polarized cell

A

charge changes through the cell

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9
Q

membrane potential

A

most cells are negative inside relative to the outside

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10
Q

depolarization

A

membrane potential moves from negative to positive

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11
Q

action potential

A

a wave of depolarization

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12
Q

hyperpolarize

A

membrane potential goes back to original 70

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13
Q

synapse

A

the space between two neurons

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14
Q

electrical synapse

A

cells linked by gap junctions

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15
Q

gap junction

A

space between two neurons

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16
Q

chemical synapse

A

neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis from pre-synaptic cells and opens an ion channel on the post-synaptic cell

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17
Q

neurotransmitter

A

low weight hydrophilic chemical signals. cannot move across the plasma membrane on the post-synaptic cell.

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18
Q

exocytosis

A

bubble opens to plasma membrane and neurotransmitter is released.

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19
Q

excitatory neurotransmitter

A

if the neurotransmitter causes the post-synaptic cell to depolarize

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20
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

if the neurotransmitter causes the post-synaptic cell to hyperpolarize

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21
Q

sensory neuron

A

transmits information about external stimuli as detected by sensory organs

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22
Q

interneuron

A

neurons found in circuits that are involced in the analysis and interpretation of sensory input

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23
Q

motor neuron

A

transmits information to muscles and glands

24
Q

reflex

A

from motor neurons

25
Q

cephalization

A

neurons concentrating in the anterior CNS

26
Q

central nervous system

A

from cephalization

27
Q

myelinated neuron

A

cell with myelin. conduct action potentials at a fast rate.

28
Q

unmyelinated neuron

A

shorter and conduct action potentials at a normal rate.

29
Q

neuroglia

A

non-electrically excitable cells that serve a support role

30
Q

oligodendrocyte

A

myelinated neurons in CNS

31
Q

ependymal cell

A

form the surface of the ventricles

32
Q

satellite cell

A

provide nutrients to neurons in the PNS

33
Q

schwann cell

A

myelinates neurons in the PNS

34
Q

astrocyte

A

makes the blood-brain barrier.

35
Q

neural tube

A

embryonic structure that develope into the brain and spinal cord.

36
Q

notochord

A

forms from mesoderm cells after gastrulation. causes neural tube to form.

37
Q

brain

A

consumes 20% of )2

38
Q

somite (vertebra)

A

the bone part. separated by vertebral discs

39
Q

spinal cord

A

your whole vertebral system

40
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerves outside the CNS.

41
Q

ventricles

A

4 of them

42
Q

ventricular fluid

A

flows over the surface of the brain and to the lateral ventricles to complete the circulatory system.

43
Q

somatic pns

A

nerve tracts originating from the brain. voluntary movement. senses.

44
Q

autonomic pns

A

involuntary muscle movement.

45
Q

sympathetic pns

A

emergency functions

46
Q

parasympathetic pns

A

housekeeping functions

47
Q

cerebral hemisphere=cerebrum

A

responsible for skeletal (voluntary) muscle contraction, learning, memory, emotion, and perception

48
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

49
Q

thalamus

A

relay center for sensory input heading to the cerebrum

50
Q

hypothalamus

A

body temperature, appetite, pituitary gland,

51
Q

epithalamus

A

location of pineal gland, source of melatonin for sleep

52
Q

cerebellum

A

movement and balance, important in learning and remembering motor skills.

53
Q

brain stem

A

control of automatic functions: breathing, swallowing, digestion, heart rate, blood pressure

54
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves that pass from the brain to areas of the head, neck, chest, and abdomen.

55
Q

vertebral disc

A

separates vertebrae.

Physiological Systems (7 decks)

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