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Physiological Systems > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine system

A

long bone growth, reproductive capability, metabolic rate, glucose homeostasis, Ca++, Na+, blood pressure. endocrine cell releases hormone at capillary to target muscle, gland, organ, slow.

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2
Q

homeostasis

A

to maintain a good level

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3
Q

endocrine gland

A

gland without a duct that secretes chemical signals into a capillary. Ex: pancreas secretes insulin.

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4
Q

exocrine gland

A

secretes products into a duct: ex: salivary gland. can be both

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5
Q

hormone

A

polypeptides, lipophilic, modified amino acids

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6
Q

neurosecretory cell

A

neuron that releases a chemical signal into a capillary.

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7
Q

neurohormone

A

the chemical signal released by a neurosecretory cell.

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8
Q

hypothalamus

A

endocrine gland, activated by drop in body temp

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9
Q

anterior pituitary

A

activated by drop in body temp. TRH goes here.

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10
Q

posterior pituitary

A

endocrine gland, neurosecretory cells release vasopressin to increase h2o reabsorption at the kidney

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11
Q

thyroid gland

A

influences aerobic metabolism

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12
Q

parathyroid gland

A

influences Ca++ homeostasis

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13
Q

liver

A

influences long bone growth

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14
Q

adrenal gland

A

aldosterone, influences Na++ homeostasis

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15
Q

endocrine pancreas

A

produces insulin

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16
Q

ovary

A

estrogen and progesterone

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17
Q

testis

A

testosterone

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18
Q

insulin

A

binds to liver cells, adipose cells, and striated muscles, these cells take up glucose.

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19
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

hormone from parathyroid gland released to control calcium levels

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20
Q

endocrine circuit

A

detect a change in physiological parameter, releases chemical signal in response to change, activates target cells to restore physiological parameter to homeostasis

21
Q

simple endocrine circuit

A

sensor built into endocrine cell, goes to target cell. negative feedback. ex: insulin

22
Q

type 1 circuit

A

sensory component (CNS) stimulates endocrine cell to release chemical signal for target cell to produce a biological response, then negative feedback. Ex: vasopressin from posterior pituitary.

23
Q

type 2 circuit

A

sensory component stimulates primary endocrine gland, stimulates secondary endocrine gland, stimulates target cell, negative feedback. ex: thyroid hormone and maintaining body temp.

24
Q

negative feedback

A

when the problem solved reaches the sensor and it signals to stop the circuit.

25
Q

glucose homeostasis

A

maintaining good levels of glucose.

26
Q

GLUT2 glucose channel

A

passive channel that is always on the plasma membrane of cells.

27
Q

GLUT4 glucose channel

A

channel on secretory vesicle that can be moved via exocytosis when the cell is stimulated.

28
Q

vasopressin

A

a polypeptide that stimulates the collecting duct of each nephron to increase h2o absorption.

29
Q

oxytocin

A

increases uterine smooth muscle contractions

30
Q

thyroid hormone

A

influences aerobin metabolism

31
Q

TRH

A

polypeptide that stimulates a TP cell to secrete TSH into the vascular system

32
Q

TSH

A

regulates thyroid gland

33
Q

Tx

A

thyroid hormone

34
Q

prolactin

A

maintains adult reproductive system

35
Q

growth hormone

A

long bone growth

36
Q

LH

A

regulates male and female reproductive systems

37
Q

FSH

A

regulates male and female reproductive systems

38
Q

ACTH

A

restores homeostasis after a stress event

39
Q

glucagon

A

influences glucose homeostasis

40
Q

aldosterone

A

influences Na++ homeostasis

41
Q

cortisol

A

restores homeostasis after a stress event

42
Q

estrogen

A

required for normal adult female reproductive function

43
Q

progesterone

A

required for normal adult female reproductive function

44
Q

testosterone

A

required for normal adult male reproductive function

45
Q

myxedema

A

underproduction of thyroid hormone

46
Q

graves disease

A

overproduction of thyroid hormone

47
Q

infertility

A

females: inability to produce estrogen
males: inability to produce testosterone

48
Q

diabetes mellites

A

type 1: endocrine pancreas cannot produce insulin
type 2: insulin is not effective at target tissues

Physiological Systems (7 decks)

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