Endocrine System

Question 1

endocrine system

Answer 1

long bone growth, reproductive capability, metabolic rate, glucose homeostasis, Ca++, Na+, blood pressure. endocrine cell releases hormone at capillary to target muscle, gland, organ, slow.

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

to maintain a good level

Question 3

endocrine gland

Answer 3

gland without a duct that secretes chemical signals into a capillary. Ex: pancreas secretes insulin.

Question 4

exocrine gland

Answer 4

secretes products into a duct: ex: salivary gland. can be both

Question 5

hormone

Answer 5

polypeptides, lipophilic, modified amino acids

Question 6

neurosecretory cell

Answer 6

neuron that releases a chemical signal into a capillary.

Question 7

neurohormone

Answer 7

the chemical signal released by a neurosecretory cell.

Question 8

hypothalamus

Answer 8

endocrine gland, activated by drop in body temp

Question 9

anterior pituitary

Answer 9

activated by drop in body temp. TRH goes here.

Question 10

posterior pituitary

Answer 10

endocrine gland, neurosecretory cells release vasopressin to increase h2o reabsorption at the kidney

Question 11

thyroid gland

Answer 11

influences aerobic metabolism

Question 12

parathyroid gland

Answer 12

influences Ca++ homeostasis

Question 13

liver

Answer 13

influences long bone growth

Question 14

adrenal gland

Answer 14

aldosterone, influences Na++ homeostasis

Question 15

endocrine pancreas

Answer 15

produces insulin

Question 16

ovary

Answer 16

estrogen and progesterone

Question 17

testis

Answer 17

testosterone

Question 18

insulin

Answer 18

binds to liver cells, adipose cells, and striated muscles, these cells take up glucose.

Question 19

parathyroid hormone

Answer 19

hormone from parathyroid gland released to control calcium levels

Question 20

endocrine circuit

Answer 20

detect a change in physiological parameter, releases chemical signal in response to change, activates target cells to restore physiological parameter to homeostasis

Question 21

simple endocrine circuit

Answer 21

sensor built into endocrine cell, goes to target cell. negative feedback. ex: insulin

Question 22

type 1 circuit

Answer 22

sensory component (CNS) stimulates endocrine cell to release chemical signal for target cell to produce a biological response, then negative feedback. Ex: vasopressin from posterior pituitary.

Question 23

type 2 circuit

Answer 23

sensory component stimulates primary endocrine gland, stimulates secondary endocrine gland, stimulates target cell, negative feedback. ex: thyroid hormone and maintaining body temp.

Question 24

negative feedback

Answer 24

when the problem solved reaches the sensor and it signals to stop the circuit.

Question 25

glucose homeostasis

Answer 25

maintaining good levels of glucose.

Question 26

GLUT2 glucose channel

Answer 26

passive channel that is always on the plasma membrane of cells.

Question 27

GLUT4 glucose channel

Answer 27

channel on secretory vesicle that can be moved via exocytosis when the cell is stimulated.

Question 28

vasopressin

Answer 28

a polypeptide that stimulates the collecting duct of each nephron to increase h2o absorption.

Question 29

oxytocin

Answer 29

increases uterine smooth muscle contractions

Question 30

thyroid hormone

Answer 30

influences aerobin metabolism

Question 31

TRH

Answer 31

polypeptide that stimulates a TP cell to secrete TSH into the vascular system

Question 32

TSH

Answer 32

regulates thyroid gland

Question 33

Tx

Answer 33

thyroid hormone

Question 34

prolactin

Answer 34

maintains adult reproductive system

Question 35

growth hormone

Answer 35

long bone growth

Question 36

LH

Answer 36

regulates male and female reproductive systems

Question 37

FSH

Answer 37

regulates male and female reproductive systems

Question 38

ACTH

Answer 38

restores homeostasis after a stress event

Question 39

glucagon

Answer 39

influences glucose homeostasis

Question 40

aldosterone

Answer 40

influences Na++ homeostasis

Question 41

cortisol

Answer 41

restores homeostasis after a stress event

Question 42

estrogen

Answer 42

required for normal adult female reproductive function

Question 43

progesterone

Answer 43

required for normal adult female reproductive function

Question 44

testosterone

Answer 44

required for normal adult male reproductive function

Question 45

myxedema

Answer 45

underproduction of thyroid hormone

Question 46

graves disease

Answer 46

overproduction of thyroid hormone

Question 47

infertility

Answer 47

females: inability to produce estrogen males: inability to produce testosterone

Question 48

diabetes mellites

Answer 48

type 1: endocrine pancreas cannot produce insulin type 2: insulin is not effective at target tissues