Nervous System Flashcards
What is the CNS made of
Brain and spinal chord
What is the brain protected by
Membranes and The skull
What is the spinal cord protected by
Vertebrae
What is the anatomy of the skull
Frontal, Parietal (top), temporal (sides, occipital (back)
What is the foramen Magnum
The spinal chord hole
What are the lobes of the cerebrum the same as
lobes of the skull
What is the function of the frontal lobe
Thought, memory, mood
What does the insula do
Senses, consciousness
What is the occipital lobe
Eyes
What is the parietal lobe for
Taste, language, maths
What is the temporal lobe for
Hearing
What is the gyrus
Hills on the brain surface, correlate with functional areas
What are sulci of the brain
opposite of gyrus (valley) long and deep = fissure
What is the pre and post central gyrus
Important gyrii which border the frontal and parietal
Why is gyrii and solgi important
Increases surfce area to maximise intellect
What is the longitudinal cerebal feature
Split of the brain (left and right)
What is rostral and caudal
rostral = anterior for CNS and caudal = posterior for CNS
What is grey matter
Cell bodies
What is white matter
Myelinated axons
Where does the axons in the brain go to
Spinal chord
Why are the grey matter on the edge
More nutrients
What is the largest region of white matter
Corpus callosum which connects the right and left hemispheres
Why is the corpus callosum important
Because otherwise the halves of the brain wouldn’t know what the other half is doing
What controls the LHS of the body
Right hemisphere
What controls the RHS of the body
Left Hemisphere
What is the broca area
The speech region of the brain located rostrally
What is the wernicke area
The listening area of the brain located in the parietal lobe
What is in the occipital lobe of the brain
Visual cortex
What is the corticospiral tract
Two neurons which join the brain to the spine
What does rostral and caudal mean WITH THE CONTEXT OF SPINAL CHORD AND BRAINSTEM
To the bottom = cordal, to the top = to the brain
Why does the cerebellum have so many neurons
Surface area
What does nuclei mean in the context of neurons
Cell body
Why is the brainstem so important
Because it hosts all the automatic processes (heartrate, breathing, temp)
What is the midbrain responsible for
Circadian rhythm
What is the pons
Connects cerebellum to brain stem
What is the medella oblongata used for
Breathing, Connects brain to the spinal chord
What does the medella oblingata contain
Ascending fibres (sensory), descending fibres (motor)
What is the thallamus for
Receives sesory info except smell. It also is responsible for motor conteol
What is the hypothalumus
Command center of the autonomic nerbous system
What is the limbic system
Learning and memory center
What is the hippocampus important for
Forming memories - cognates experiences into memories
What are the meninges
The membraines
What are the layers of meninges
Dura mata, arachnoid mata, pia mater
What is the final sensory layer
Dura mater
DO meninges cover the spinal chord
Yes
What is the Ventricular system responsible for
Fluid filled spaces within the CNS. Filled with the Cerebrospinal fluid.
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid
Provide buoyancy and chemically stabilise the CNS
What absorbs the CerebroSpinalFluid
Arachnoid granulation
Where is the CSF produced
Ventricles of the Chloroid plexus
Where does csf go down
Central aquaduct
Where does csf flow out from the aquaduct
three apertures
Where does CSF end up
Subarachnoid space
Where does leftover CSF go out
Arachnoid granulation
How does blood go into the brain
The carotid arteries and vertebral arteries
How greedy is the brain
VERY
What is the blood brain barrier
Nutrients need to get through cells to get into the brain. No blood goes into the brain, rather surround it
What is the most important part of the brain (gets nutrients first)
Brainstem
What is the ectoderm
Outer layer of the embryo which forms the brain
What is the prosephelon
Front brain
What is the rhombocephalon
The cerebellum
What is the mesocephalon
Central brain
What is the brainstem parts
Dicenphalon, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
What is ascending fibres
Sensory
What crossovers to cross motor neurons to the opposite side of the body
Medulla oblongat
What do olfactory nerves do
They are sensory and supply smell
What do optic nerves do
Sight nerves (sensory)
What is vestibulocochear do
Hearing nerves (sensory)
What is afferent
Info moving in of CNS
What is efferent
Info moving out of CNS
What is special
Info about the 5 senses
What in the brain receives info from the olfactory nerve
Olfactory bulb and tract
What is the primary vision center
Occipital lobe
What does the oculomotor nerve do
Opening eyelid, pupil constriction
What does the trochlear nerve do
It supplies the contralateral side of the body and angles the eye down
What soes the trigeminal do
Face touching and it is MIXED.
What does the abducens nerve do
moves eye away from the midsaggital plane
What does the facial nerve do
Supplies facial expression muscles and is mixed (also provides taste)