Digestive system Flashcards
What is peritoneum
membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity which connect the accessory organs together
What is the kidney in
retroperitoneal cavity
Why is the greater omentum called that
because it surrounds your fat stomach
What is the structure of the gi tract of membranes
Mucosa - inner layer, submicosa - ct middle layer, muscularis externa - outer layer of smooth longitudinal muscle
How many muscles does the stomach have
3
What is weird about the mucosa membrane in the small intestine
to maximise absorbtion surface area is maximised
Where do triglycerides go in default
lymphatic system
Where do all other nutrients go
directly into the circulatory system
What is the ph of the stomach
2
what is used to neutralise the acid of the stomach
m ucosa
What is the duodenum
receuves secretions from gallbladder and pancrease via the major duodenal papilla
What are the divisions of the small intestines
duodenum, jejunum and ileum
What is the structure of the folds
circular folds which have villi on top o that there is mucrovilli which is a simple columnar cell with little hair shaped things (Bart simpson)
Which one is first (Small or large intestine)
Small
What is another name of the large intestine
colon
What are the sections of the large intestine
cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
What is off the cecum
the appendix
What is a flexure in the intestine
90 degree turn
What is the first flexure called
hepatic flexure
what is the second flexure alled
splenic flexure
what is the third flexure called
sigmoid flexure
What are the pouches in the large intestine called
foerstra
What are the omental appendices
lobules of fat
What is teniae coli
smooth muscle
What does the appendix do
it is a lymphatic organ and it also digests bark
Wat is the junction of the two intestines called
ileocecal junction
how long does the large intestine take
18 hrs
What is the pedundal nerve
know when to shit yourself
What is special about the rectum and anus
no tenae coli
What are the three embryonic sections
foregut, midgut and hindgut, which split the blood vessels
what is the foregut blood vessel
celiac trunk artery
what is the superior mesoteric artery
middlegut artery
what is the inferior meoteric
hindgut artery
What is the heptic portal vein go to
goes from intestines to liver
what does the liver do
help clean the organs
What is the abdominopelvic splanic nerve for
sympathetic digestive system nerves
what is the oral fissure
mouth
what do lips go to
facial nerve and facial artery
What is the hard palate
Upper front mouth bone
What is the soft pallate
Soft mouth muscle
What does the tongue do
masticate and turn food into a dough (bolus)
What do the salivary glands do
produce saliva
What is dentin
tooth bone
where are teeth located
maxilla and mandible
what is enamel
tooth covering
How many of each teeth type do we have
8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars and 12 molars
What cranial nerve in the frontal section of tongue done by
facial nerve
what is the back section of the tongue done by
glossophryngeal nerve
Do taste buds have specific tasted only
no, each taste bud can taste everything
What do the taste buds comprise of
sensory gustatory cells and stem cells
How many cells do the taste buds have
50-100
What are the muscles of the tongue
intrinsic - change shape and extrinsic - change position
What is the purpose of salivary glands
Moistens oral cavity and protects oral cavity - lysozyme
How many salivaryu glands are there
6 (3 pairs)
Where is the parotid gland
back of the mouth
Where is the submandibular gland
bottom of the mouth
Where is the sublingual gland
bottom of the mouth
What do mucous cells secrete
mucin
what do serous cells secrete
serous fluid
what does the pharynx do
connect mouth to oesophagus
what does the epiglottis do
move food to stomach not lungs
What does the uvula do
prevents food from going up the nose
what are the pharyngeal muscles for
they are skeletal muscles from vagus nerve with superior middle and inferior constrictors. It occurs from superior to inferior and compresses the oesphagus
what is the oesphagus for
tube that connects pharynx to stomach
what are the three layers of stomach muscle
longitudinal, circular and oblique
What are the four lobes of the liver
right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe and caudate lobe
Where does the pancreas go to
the spleen
What does the gallbladder contain
bile
What are the 2 functional lobes of the liver
right lobe and left lobe, split by the gallbladder, the quadrate and caudate lobe is part of the right anatomical lobe but left physiological lobe
Where does the blood go into the liver
hepatic portal, formed by splenic + superior mesentric vein 75% of the time and heptic artery 25%
What does the heptic portal vein contain
Drugs absorbed by intestine, blood cells and endocrine secretions of the pancreas
where does the blood exit the liver
hepatic veins
What is a hepatic sinusoid
how the cella are arranged in the liver, it is shaped like a hexagon with capillaries at each vertice and between the hepatocytes, there is also the lymphatic portocyte
What does the liver do
Detoxifies nutrients, and produces bile in the hepatocytes which is drained into bile ductiles
What is bile
basic fluid made of bicarbonate and pigments such as cholesterol and mucin
How much bile is produced
750ml per day
What does bile do
neutralises PH and emulsify fats
What else does the liver do
break down bilirubin and metabolises drugs and modifies them into a water soluble form
What does the gallbladder look like
sac
What does the gallbladder do
store bile and concentrates the bile
where does bile go to from the gallbladder
cystic - bile duct - hepopancreatic ampulla to major duodenal papilla to duodenum
what is the gallbladder comprised of
neck, body and fundus
where does the bile go into the gallbladder
common hepatic duct to cystic duct
Where does the blood go to the gallbladder
cystic artery
what does the exocrine pancreas do
serous secretory acini secrete enzyme-rich alkaline fluid into the duodenum
via the pancreatic duct and major duodenal papilla
What is the function of pancreas
through acini cells it secretes pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum including amylase lipase and protease
what hormones regulate enzyme release
secretin and cholecytokinin
what regulates glucose
endocrine pancreas
what is the blood supply of the pancreas
coleac trunk branches
what specifically
gastroduodenal for the head and splenic for body and tail
what does amylase do
digests carbohydrates and absorbs it into capillaries, found in the mouth and duodenum
what does protease do
digest proteins and are found in intestinal capillaries
what does lipase do
digest lipids in the duodenum and absorbed into the lymphatic sytem
