Endocrine system Flashcards
What is hypophisis
Pirtuary gland
What is the purpose of the endocrine system
slow communication system
What are the types of hormone release
Acute (short term), chronic (long term) and episodic (menstruation)
Where is the hypothalamus
anterior and inferior o the thalamus
What way does the pituary gland communicate from and to
communicates to two glands (anterior and posterior pirtuary glands)
what are the science names of the pirtuary glands
anteriohypohisis and neurohypophisis
What is the fat part of the pirtuary gland
anterior
What is the communication betwenn the hypothalamus and pirtuary gland
hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
What are the anterior pirtuary gland hormones
growth hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone
what are the lutenizing hormone
reproductive hormone
What is prolactin
lactation hormones
What are the hormones for back pirtuary
anti diuretic hormone, increased water reabsorbtion, and oxytosin
what is the pineal gland
Synthesises melatonin and serotonin, sleep cycle
What happens with the pineal gland in your 30’s
it calcifies
What are the regions of the thyroid
left and right lobe and isthmus
What do the thyroid follicles look like
follicular cell ring and colloid filled
What are the follicular cell rings shaped
simple cuboidal
what does the thyroid regulate
metabolism
What stimulates the release of t3 and t4
iodine
What is calcitonin
regulates calcium
What does calcitonin do when released
Stops calsium
What is the parathyroid hormone and the parathyroid glands
parathyroid glands are near the thyroid and produce parathyroid hormones which increases calcium
What is the adrenal gland
It is above the kidney and produces hormone
What is the cortex in the adrenal gland
salt sugar and sex
What is the medulla produce
stress hormones
What s the endocrine function of the pancrease
produce insulin glucagon and somatostatin
What i produced in the balls (testes)
stimulate testosterone and spermatogenesis
what are ovaries for
stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone which produces oestrogen an progesterone
What is the compromise made by cell specialisation
Them not being able to survive as one cell
what is homeostatis
communication between specialised cells and they all work together. These hence maintain a static condition in the body
what are the homeostatic control systems
cardiovascular, circultory, respiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, urinary, endocrine and neurophysiological
What is the buffer that can allow humans to survive varying temps
the extracellular matrix
What allows the temp to keep the same
we have measures to keep it the same
what is bernard famous for
homeostasis
what is the normal values of human ecf
40 PO2, PCO2 40 Na+ 142, K+, CA2+ 1., Cl- 108, Glucose 85, temp 37, PH 7.4
What has a real tight range
PH, temperature
What is outside the normal rangers
hypo for below, hyper for aboce
What is a control system
a stimulus which effect a receptor which affects an afferent pathway, which affect the integrating center, then affects the efferent pathway, which tells the effector to generate a response
What detect temp
hypothalamus
What is negative feedback
when we want to stop the stimulus
what is positive feedback
non homeostatic stuff include blood clotting action portentials and childbirth
What is required for something negative feedback loop to happen
error signal
what is a feedforward loop
where you predict something FOF response
What is a parametric feed forward
example would be opwning up a door, from something learned
what is a predictive homeostasis
fight or flight
what happens with exercise
your carbon dioxide goes down because exercise produces co2
What do we need to know for homeostatic control
what vatiable needs to be constant, what are the receptors that detects changes in the variable, where is the afferent info anf what are the effectors
what are the main communication systems
nervous and endocrine
what is common with both nervous and endocrine systems
long distance
what is the difference between nervous and endocrine system
ns is fast, es is slow, adaptation is quick for ns and slow for es. the ns is very specific whereas the es is wide
What functions as both neurotransmitter and hormones
most neurotransmitters
what is the difference between neurotransmiter and hormones
neurotransmitter = nervous, hormones = endocrine
What is thermo regulation
through shivering when cold and sweating when hot, it is operated by the hypothalamus.
what is how temperature works
low body temp -> thermoreceptors -> sensory neurons -> brain -> motor neurons -> blood vessels -> increase temp
What causes blood glucose levels to increase
glucagon
What is the stimulus cycle for blood glucose
elevated blood glucose -> beta cells in pancreas -> pancreas secretes inculin ->transport in blood -> liver opens up glucose channels -> decrease glucose
What is the baroreceptor reflec
to increase blood pressure
what is he positive feedback loop of childbirth
child puts pressure in the cervix which secretes oxytosin which increases the contraction of the uterus which increases pressure
what is the voltage gated channels action porential
positive feedback loop
