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Anaphy Cutie > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

master control and communication system

A

Nervous System

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2
Q

Nervous system three overlapping functions:

A

a. SENSORY INPUT
b. INTEGRATION
c. MOTOR OUTPUT

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3
Q

uses its millions of sensory receptors to monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body

A

SENSORY INPUT

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4
Q

processes and interprets the sensory input and decides what should be done at each moment

A

INTEGRATION

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5
Q

causes a response, or effect, by activating muscles or glands

A

MOTOR OUTPUT

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6
Q

Aka “Glial cells”

A

Neuroglia

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7
Q

✓Supports the nerve cells/ neurons
✓Non-excitable cells
✓Support cells

A

Neuroglia

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8
Q

Macrophages in the CNS

A

MICROGLIA

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9
Q

Defense against infection et injury

A

MICROGLIA

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10
Q

Form & maintain myelin sheath in the CNS

A

OLIGODENDROCYTES

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11
Q

✓Star-shaped cells
✓Most numerous/ abundant

A

ASTROCYTES

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12
Q

Fnxs:
a. Provide structural support to the CNS
b. Take up extracellular K ion
c. Regulate the extracellular concentration of
neurotransmitter
d. Glycogen storage
e. Capable of cell multiplication/ replacement
gliosis

A

ASTROCYTES

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13
Q

Located in the ventricles et central canal of the
spinal cord

Assist in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

EPENDYMAL CELLS

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14
Q

form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS

A

SCHWANN CELLS

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15
Q

act as protective, cushioning cells for peripheral neuron cell bodies

A

SATELLITE CELLS

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16
Q

(+) nucleus, cytoplasm with typical organelles

A

CELL BODY

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17
Q

Highly branched structures that carry impulses to the cell body

A

DENDRITES

18
Q

Conducts away from cell body towards
another neuron, muscle/ gland

Emerges at cone-shaped axon hillock

A

AXON

19
Q

Contain synaptic vesicles that can release neurotransmitter

A

AXON TERMINALS

20
Q

whitish, fatty material which has a waxy appearance

protects and insulates
the fibers

increases the transmission rate of nerve impulses

A

MYELIN SHEATHS

21
Q

gaps, or indentations

Facilitates Saltatory Conduction

A

NODES OF RANVIER

22
Q

Collection of cell bodies inside the CNS

A

NUCLEI

23
Q

Collection of cell bodies outside the CNS

A

GANGLIA

24
Q

Bundles of nerve fibers running through the CNS

A

TRACTS

25
Q

Bundles of nerve running through the PNS

A

NERVES

26
Q

consists of dense collections of myelinated fibers (tracts)

A

WHITE MATTER

27
Q

Contains mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies

A

GRAY MATTER

28
Q

Convey impulses into the CNS

Examples:
a. Cutaneous sense organs
b. Proprioceptors

A

SENSORY (AFFERENT)

29
Q

Convey impulses from brain/ SC out through PNS to effector (muscle or organs)

A

MOTOR (EFFERENT)

30
Q

Aka “associated neurons”

Most are within the CNS

Transmit impulses between neurons, such as between sensory and motor neuron

A

INTERNEURON

31
Q

Motor, pyramidal, purkinje cell

Have several/ many dendrites and 1 axon

Most common type in the CNS

A

MULTIPOLAR

32
Q

One dendrite and one axon

Example:
a. Retina of the eye
b. Inner ear
c. Nose

A

BIPOLAR

33
Q

Have fused dendrite and axon

Sensory neurons of spinal nerves

Touch and pain sensory neuron

A

UNIPOLAR

34
Q

Two major functional properties:
a. Irritability
b. Conductivity

A

Nervous Physiology

35
Q

also called a nerve impulse in neurons

A

Action Potential

36
Q

An increase in membrane potential of 15-30 mV usually is required to cause an explosive
development of action potential

A

All-or-None Principle

37
Q

Overshoot period/ phase

Cause:
a. Fast opening of voltage voltage gated Na channel channel (opening of activation gate)

Na influx

Charge of the cell becomes positive

A

DEPOLARIZATION

38
Q

Cause:
a. Fast closure of voltage-gated Na channels (closure of inactive gates)

K efflux

Charge of the cell becomes negative

A

REPOLARIZATION

39
Q

Aka “Positive after potential”

Cause:
a. Slow late closure of voltage gated K channels

Charge of the cell becomes more negative

A

HYPERPOLARIZATION

40
Q

A state wherein a (+) charge outside & (-) charge inside the cell

Activation of Na-K ATPase Pump

The charge of the cell returns to normal membrane potential
a. RMP of nn= -70 Mv
b. RMP of skeletal ms=
c. RMP of cardiac ms= -
d. RMP of GI tract= -56_56 mV

A

RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

41
Q

Period during which a 2nd AP cannot be elicited even with a strong stimulus

At the peak of depolarization

A

ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD

42
Q

Starts at 1/3 o repolarization onwards

Stronger than normal stimulus elicits new AP

A

RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD

Anaphy Cutie (10 decks)

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